We claim:
1. A cutting tool insert comprising a substrate and a coating, the coating comprising one or more layers of refractory compounds of which at least one layer comprises a MAX-phase defined as Mn1AXn where n is 1, 2 or 3, M is one of the elements Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr or Mo, A is Al, Si or S, and X is C, N andor B.
2. The cutting tool insert according to claim 1, wherein X is at least 40 at % N.
3. The cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein M is Ti, A is Al and X is (N1-x,Cx) where x is between 0 and 0.6.
4. The cutting tool according to claim 3, wherein X is N.
5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is the outermost or the second outermost layer of the coating.
6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is combined with at least one additional hard wear resistant layer of metal nitrides andor carbides andor oxides of metal elements chosen from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Si and Al.
7. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one layer has a thickness of 0.5-20 m.
8. The cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein the thickness is 0.5-10 m.
9. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is deposited with a PVD technique.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An excess flow control valve including:
a cylindrical open ended barrel having upstream and downstream extremities, the downstream extremity formed exteriorly with a plurality of axial ribs spaced thereabout, the ribs being configured with radial cutbacks defining upstream facing stop surfaces and rib stubs projecting therefrom and cooperating to define a circular pattern, the barrel further including adjacent upstream extremity a plurality of radial stop ring segments spaced thereabout to form between the respective circumferential ends thereof a selected number of clearance passages having a predetermined circumferential width, the body further including respective pairs of teeth disposed medially on the exterior periphery thereof and spaced apart the predetermined circumferential distances to form therebetween the selected number of slider tracks, the slider tracks being rotated relative to the respective clearance passages to be disposed out of axial alignment therewith;
the barrel further being formed adjacent its downstream end, a spring step surface facing upstream;
a poppet formed with a cylindrical bearing ring and a semi-spherical cap, the cap connected with the guide ring by longitudinal braces spaced equidistance about the ring to cooperate in forming between the ring and cap respective inlet ports, the ring including on its inner surface thereof the selected number of axial sliders having a width corresponding with the predetermined circumferential distance and configured to be received in sliding engagement through the respective clearance passages and so configured as to allow the cap to then be rotated relative to the barrel to be disposed in the respective tracks between the respective pairs of teeth;
the ring being formed on one end with a downstream facing spring stop surface;
a coil spring received over the body and interposed between the spring stop surfaces;
the body further formed on its downstream end with an external O-ring gland;
an anchor sleeve receiving the body and formed on its downstream extremity with a radially in tumed anchoring flange and formed on its upstream extremity with an outwardly rolled anchoring bead.
2. A method of making an excess flow control valve including:
fabricating an elongated valve barrel with a through central bore upstream and downstream extremity and forming an exterior surface with a plurality of pairs of teeth spaced circumferentially apart a predetermined distance to form respective slide tracks and forming stop ring regiments spaced axially downstream from but disposed in axial alignment with the respective tracks and spaced axially apart to form therebetween respective clearance passages and position further forming the barrel with a plurality of ribs configured with upstream facing spring stop surfaces;
fabricating a poppet cage with a resilient bearing ring for telescopically fitting over the upstream extremity of the barrel and forming the ring with a downstream facing peripheral seal;
forming axial sliders on the interior of the ring configured to be received through the clearance passages;
selecting a coil spring sized to be received over the barrel;
telescoping the coil spring coaxially over the barrel to be abutted on one end with the spring stop surfaces; and
inserting the poppet mounting ring telescopically over the upstream end of the barrel by sliding the sliders through the respective clearance passages to be disposed bodily downstream of the stop ring elements and rotating the poppet relative to the barrel to pass the respective sliders over respective ones of the pair of teeth causing the ring to flex to permit the sliders to clear the respective ones of the pairs of teethes to be aligned in the respective tracts and to be constrained there by the ring for axial sliding therein.
3. An excess flow control valve comprising:
a hollow body wall formed with an exterior wall and a central, through, flow passage terminating in an upstream end defining a valve seat and further formed medially in the wall with a plurality of pairs of circumferentially spaced apart locator teeth;
an elongated hollow poppet coaxial with the body, including a bearing ring received over the exterior wall for axial sliding along wall body from a throttling position to an open position, the poppet further including a cap cooperating with the ring to form radial inlet ports and further including a plurality of sliders projecting axially from the ring for receipt between the respective pairs of teeth further including a peripheral poppet sealing surface for, upon the ring being shifted to the throttling position, throttling flow from the ports past the seat into the passage, and
the body wall even further including adjacent the seat, stop ring segments configured and ranged to form between confronting ends thereof, respective passage ways for selective receipt of the respective sliders, the sliders being so positioned and arranged as to, when the ring is in one rotational position relative to the body, slide axially through the respective passage ways and arrange such that poppet then may be rotated from the one rotational position to locate the respective sliders disposed in axially alignment with the respective ring segments for selective abutment their against to restrict release of the poppet from the body;
a spring interposed between the poppet and body to bias the poppet in the upstream direction.
4. The excess flow control valve of claim 3 wherein:
the body is configured with the ring segments positioning the respective passage ways out of axial alignment with the spaces between the respective pairs of teeth.