What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display device, comprising:
a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer held between an upper substrate and a lower substrate that oppose each other, and a semi-transparent reflective layer provided on an inner side of the lower substrate, the inner side being adjacent to the liquid crystal layer;
a first elliptically polarizing plate to cause elliptically polarized light to enter the liquid crystal layer through the upper substrate; and
a second elliptically polarizing plate to cause elliptically polarized light to enter the liquid crystal layer through the lower substrate, each of the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate having a liquid crystal film fixed in hybrid alignment.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, each of the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate including a polarizer for transmitting linearly polarized light, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, angles formed between phase-retarding axes of the liquid crystal films fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate and an axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, being within a range from plus 30 degrees to minus 30 degrees.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, phase differences in plane of the liquid crystal films fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate being within a range from 90 nm to 140 nm.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, each of the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate including the polarizing plate, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in discotic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, angles formed between phase-advancing axes of the liquid crystal films fixed in discotic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate and the second elliptically polarizing plate and an axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, being within a range from plus 30 degrees to minus 30 degrees.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, the first elliptically polarizing plate including a polarizer, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film, and the second elliptically polarizing plate including a polarizer, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in discotic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, an angle formed between a phase-retarding axis of the liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate and an axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, and an angle formed between a phase-advancing axis of the liquid crystal film fixed in discotic hybrid alignment in the second elliptically polarizing plate and the axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, being within a range from plus 30 degrees to minus 30 degrees.
9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 8, phase differences in plane of the liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate being within a range from 90 nm to 140 nm.
10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, the first elliptically polarizing plate including the polarizing plate, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in discotic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film, and the second elliptically polarizing plate including the polarizing plate, at least one liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment, and at least one stretched film.
11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 10, an angle formed between a phase-advancing axis of the liquid crystal film fixed in discotic hybrid alignment in the first elliptically polarizing plate and an axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, and an angle formed between a phase-retarding axis of the liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the second elliptically polarizing plate, and the axis including the distinct viewing direction of the liquid crystal layer, being within a range from plus 30 degrees to minus 30 degrees.
12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, phase difference in plane of the liquid crystal film fixed in nematic hybrid alignment in the second elliptically polarizing plate being within a range from 90 nm to 140 nm.
13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, the liquid crystal cell having a layer-thickness adjusting layer that makes the thickness of the liquid crystal layer smaller in a reflective display region than in a transmissive display region.
14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, the liquid crystal layer adopting a twisted nematic mode.
15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, the liquid crystal layer adopting parallel alignment, and the twist angle therein being zero degrees.
16. An electronic apparatus, comprising:
the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A user-programmable media dispensing system for use in a central or zoned forced-air heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system comprising:
dispensing means actuable in response to a dispenser activating control signal to discharge a quantity of a medium into an air stream of a central or zoned forced-air heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system;
a dispensing system central processor coupled to said dispensing means and generating a dispenser activating control signal to said dispensing means in response to instruction input signals coupled to said dispensing system central processor from user-programmable data entry;
user-programmable data entry coupled to said dispensing system central processor for entry of user-generated instructions and coupling said user-generated instructions as instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor for generating said dispenser activating control signals to actuate said dispensing means; and
air stream sensor means positioned in the air stream of a central or zoned forced-air heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system and coupled to said dispensing system central processor for generating ambient-air-determined control signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the generation of said dispenser activating control signals to actuate said dispensing means.
2. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said dispensing means includes a plurality of dispensing media containing reservoirs coupled in fluid communication with a media dispenser,
said media dispenser being positioned in the air stream of a central or zoned forced-air heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system for dispensing the media contained in at least one of said dispensing media containing reservoirs into said air stream in response to said dispenser activating control signal generated by said dispenser system central processor.
3. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein each one of said plurality of dispensing media containing reservoirs includes a media output discharge control valve coupled in fluid communication between said dispensing media containing reservoir and said media dispenser for receiving said dispenser activating control signal generated by said dispenser system central processor to selectively control the discharge of dispensing media therethrough.
4. The media dispensing system of claim 3 further including a dilution manifold in fluid communication with said media dispenser and each one of said media output discharge control valves to receive and dilute the dispensing media discharged through said output discharge control valves prior to passing to said media dispenser.
5. The media dispensing system of claim 4 further including a source of pressurized water coupled to said dilution manifold for diluting the concentration of said dispensing media discharged into said discharge manifold through said media output discharge control valves prior to passing to said media dispenser.
6. The media dispensing system of claim 5 further including a water intake control valve in fluid communication with said dilution manifold and said source of pressurized water, said water intake control valve operable in response to an activating signal from said dispensing system central processor for discharging into said dilution manifold.
7. The media dispensing system of claim 6 wherein said source of pressurized water coupled to said dilution manifold includes a check valve and pressure sensor,
said pressure sensor being coupled to said dispensing system central processor for providing a control signal thereto in response to said water pressure input.
8. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said air stream sensor means includes at least one of:
a temperature sensor for generating a control signal responsive to the air stream temperature,
a humidity sensor for generating a control signal responsive to the air stream relative humidity, or
an air pressureair flow sensor for generating a control signal responsive to the air stream air pressureair flow.
9. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein each one of said plurality of dispersing media containing reservoirs includes a media reservoir sensor coupled to said dispensing system central processor for generating a signal thereto responsive to the amount of media contained therein.
10. The media dispensing system of claim 9 wherein each of said media reservoir sensors generates a signal to said dispensing system control processor responsive to the presence of said media contain reservoir in the dispensing system and the identity of the particular medium contained therein.
11. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypad-display couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control and display the temperature at said keypad-display.
12. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the generation of said dispenser activating control signal by said dispensing system central processor.
13. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypad-display couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the generation of said dispenser activating control signal by said dispensing system central processor.
14. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the day upon which said dispenser activating signal will be generated by said dispensing system central processor.
15. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the day upon which said dispenser activating signal will be generated by said dispensing system central processor.
16. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the time at which said dispenser activating signal will be generated by said dispensing system central processor.
17. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the time at which said dispenser activating signal will be generated by said dispensing system central processor.
18. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the intensity of the medium dispensed by said dispensing means.
19. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the intensity of the medium dispensed by said dispensing means.
20. The media dispensing system of claim 2 wherein said user-programmable data entry keypaddisplay couples user-generated instruction input signals to said dispensing system central processor to control the sequence of dispensing from said plurality of dispensing media containing reservoirs.
21. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry is a keypaddisplay unit.
22. The media dispensing system of claim 1 wherein said user-programmable data entry is an automation control system.