1. A paving structure comprising:
a lower layer of paving material;
a composite tack film overlying the lower layer of paving material, the composite tack film comprising (a) a first polymer layer comprising a thermally conductive polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 100\xb0 C., (b) a second polymer layer adjacent the first polymer layer, the second polymer layer comprising a visco-elastic, thermally conductive polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 110\xb0 C., and (c) a third polymer layer adjacent the second polymer layer, the third polymer layer comprising a thermally insulative polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 100\xb0 C., wherein the third polymer layer is substantially free of a filler; and
an upper layer of paving material overlying the composite tack film.
2. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the first polymer layer of the composite tack film comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a filler.
3. The paving structure of claim 2, wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer of the first polymer layer has a vinyl acetate content of about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
4. The paving structure of claim 2, wherein the filler of the first polymer layer is calcium carbonate, talc, an inorganic particle with a metal coating, carbon black, or combination thereof.
5. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the second polymer layer of the composite tack film comprises a polymer blend of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a polyolefin with a filler.
6. The paving structure of claim 5, wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer of the second polymer layer has a vinyl acetate content of about 15% by weight to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
7. The paving structure of claim 5, wherein the polyolefin of the second polymer layer has a melting temperature of less than about 120\xb0 C.
8. The paving structure of claim 7, wherein the polyolefin of the second polymer layer is low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), or blends thereof.
9. The paving structure of claim 5, wherein the filler of the second polymer layer is calcium carbonate, talc, an inorganic particle with a metal coating, carbon black, or combination thereof.
10. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the third polymer layer of the composite tack film is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
11. The paving structure of claim 10, wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer of the third polymer layer has a vinyl acetate content of about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
12. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the composite tack film forms an adhesive bond to the lower layer of paving material and the upper layer of paving material.
13. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the composite tack film has an activation temperature of less than about 300\xb0 F. when applied to the paving structure.
14. The paving structure of claim 1, further comprising a reinforcing grid over the lower layer of paving material.
15. The paving structure of claim 14, wherein the reinforcing grid comprises fiberglass.
16. The paving structure of claim 15, wherein the fiberglass comprises a resinous coating.
17. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the upper layer of paving material is asphalt.
18. The paving structure of claim 1, wherein the lower layer of paving material is an existing road surface.
19. The paving structure of claim 18, wherein the existing road surface comprises concrete, asphalt, or combination thereof.
20. A paving structure comprising:
a lower layer of paving material;
a reinforcing grid overlying the lower layer of paving material;
a composite tack film overlying the reinforcing grid, the composite tack film comprising (a) a first polymer layer comprising a thermally conductive polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 100\xb0 C., (b) a second polymer layer adjacent the first polymer layer, the second polymer layer comprising a visco-elastic, thermally conductive polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 110\xb0 C., and (c) a third polymer layer adjacent the second polymer layer, the third polymer layer comprising a thermally insulative polymer having a melting temperature of less than about 100\xb0 C., wherein the third polymer layer is substantially free of a filler; and
an upper layer of asphaltic material overlying the composite tack film.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1.-9. (canceled)
10. A method for the production of a gas tank (1) for a compressed gas, the tank made from carbon fibre materials, which has a filling and removal neck, comprising the following steps:
providing a meltable core, which forms an inner shape of the compressed gas tank (1), wherein when providing the meltable core, providing a support structure made from struts in the core, or spokes (3) made from carbon fibre material, wherein the free ends of the struts or spokes (3) protrude over a surface of the core that is to be wrapped,
wrapping the core with carbon fibres and generating at least one carbon fibre bandage, and impregnating the carbon fibres with a curable polymer matrix material, thereby providing a preform of the compressed gas tank (1), and winding the protruding free ends of the struts or spokes (3), then
consolidating the polymer matrix material of the preform and obtaining the carbon fibre composite compressed gas tank (1), and during the consolidation, fixing the free ends in the carbon fibre composite bandage,
liquefying the core material by melting, and removing the liquid core material from the filling and removal neck, and
leaving the support structure (3) behind after the liquefaction and removal of the liquid core material in the compressed gas tank (1).
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the core has a central axis, and wherein the support structure made from struts and spokes (3) is provided as one that extends radially away from a central axis of the core.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the meltable core is a water ice core or a wax core.
13. The method according to claim 12, comprising the step:
further reducing the core temperature after the wrapping of the water ice core with the carbon fibre bandage.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the meltable core has a round cross-sectional shape.
15. A gas tank (1) for a compressed gas, the tank having a filling and removal neck, produced according the method of claim 1, wherein a wall (2) of the compressed gas tank (1) consists of a carbon fibre composite material layer and is free from a liner layer on the inner wall, wherein the carbon fibre composite material layer is formed by a carbon fibre bandage made from wrapped carbon fibres and wherein a support structure made from struts or spokes (3) made from carbon fibre material is arranged in the interior of the compressed gas tank (1), wherein the distal strut or spoke ends are wound into the carbon fibre bandage and are received in a polymer matrix of the carbon fibre composite material layer that forms the wall (2) of the compressed gas tank (1).
16. The gas tank (1) according to claim 15, wherein the compressed gas tank (1) is a tank (1) for compressed hydrogen.
17. The gas tank (1) according to claim 15, wherein the spoke support structure (3) extends radially away from a central axis of the compressed gas tank (1).
18. The gas tank (1) according to claim 17, wherein the compressed gas tank (1) has a round or oval or other suitable cross-sectional shape.