1. A chemical production process comprising exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition, wherein:
the reactant composition comprises glycerol;
the catalyst composition comprises a metal phosphate composition, the metal phosphate composition comprising one or more of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, La, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mo, B, and Ru; wherein the catalyst composition comprises a solid substrate comprising one or more of SiO2 SiO2\u2014Al2O3, C, and TiO2 the solid substrate being impregnated with phosphoric acid, and the phosphoric acid is from about 8% (wt.wt.) to about 35% (wt.wt.) of the catalyst composition; and
the product composition comprises acrolein.
2. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the product composition is later utilized as a reactant.
3. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the metal phosphate composition comprises one or more or a metal dihydrogen phosphate, a metal hydrogen phosphate, and a metal phosphate.
4. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the metal phosphate composition comprises phosphoric acid.
5. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the metal phosphate composition comprises M0.33H2.33PO4, wherein M is one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ni, Ba, B, or La.
6. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of metal to phosphate in the metal phosphate composition is at least 0.33:1.
7. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of metal to phosphate in the metal phosphate composition is from about 0.33:1 to about 1.5:1.
8. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst composition further comprises one or more of Si and Ti.
9. The chemical production process of claim 8 wherein the phosphoric acid is from about 8% (wt.wt.) to about 30% (wt.wt.) of the catalyst composition.
10. The chemical production process of claim 8 wherein the phosphoric acid is from about 29% (wt.wt.) to about 35% (wt.wt.) of the catalyst composition.
11. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein every mole of glycerol exposed to the catalyst composition forms at least about 0.4 moles of product composition.
12. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein every mole of glycerol exposed to the catalyst composition forms about 0.4 moles to about 0.99 moles of product composition.
13. The chemical production process of claim 1 wherein the product composition comprises both acrolein and acetol.
14. The chemical production process of claim 13 wherein a ratio of acrolein to acetol is at least about 8:1.
15. The chemical production process of claim 13 wherein a ratio of acrolein to acetol is from about 3:1 to about 8:1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. The combination comprising:
a tool having a tapered forward cutting end, a rearwardly facing radial flange at a rear of said tapered forward cutting end, said radial flange having a diameter defining a first dimension, and a cylindrical shank extending axially rearward of said radial flange,
a tool holder having a forward surface, a cylindrical bore opening in said forward surface, an outer surface intersecting said forward surface wherein diametrically opposing portions of said intersecting surfaces define a second dimension,
a wear ring on said shank between said radial flange and said forward surface,
said wear ring having a non-circular outer perimeter having a first width defining a third dimension and a second width defining a fourth dimension,
said third dimension is less than both said first dimension and said second dimension wherein a spacing remains between a portion of said flange and a portion of said forward surface,
said fourth dimension at least equal to said second dimension,
a retaining sleeve around said cylindrical shank and within said cylindrical bore for retaining said shank within said bore, and
a lock between said wear ring and said sleeve wherein said wear ring is locked against rotation with respect to said forward surface solely by slid sleeve and an orientation of said wear ring with respect to said forward surface is random.
2. The combination of claim 1 and further comprising an extraction tool having a pair of parallel members defining a fork wherein a portion of said parallel member is receivable in said spacing for removing said tool from said tool holder.
3. The combination of claim 1 wherein said outer perimeter includes a pair of parallel opposing end surfaces spaced apart by said third dimension.
4. The tool of claim 3 wherein said outer end further includes a second pair of parallel opposing end surfaces perpendicular to said pair of parallel surfaces, said second pair of parallel opposing end surfaces also spaced apart a distance equal to said third dimension.
5. The combination of claim 3 wherein said outer end further includes a pair of opposing arcuate end surfaces said arcuate end surfaces spaced apart by said fourth dimension.
6. In a tool having a tapered forward cutting end, a rearwardly facing circular radial flange at a rear of said tapered forward cutting end, said radial flange having an outer diameter defining a first dimension, and a cylindrical shank extending axially rearward of said radial flange, said cylindrical shank receivable in a bore of a tool holder having a forward surface with opposing outer end portions defining a second dimension, the improvement comprising
a wear ring on said shank, said wear ring having a non-circular outer end,
said outer end of said wear ring having a first diameter outer dimension that is less than said first dimension and less than said second dimension wherein said wear ring will provide a space between a portion of said radial flange and a portion of said forward surface when said shank is inserted in said bore,
said outer end of said wear ring having a second diameter outer dimension that is at least equal to said second dimension,
a retaining sleeve around said shank for retaining said shank in said bore, and
a lock between said wear ring and said sleeve wherein said wear ring is locked against rotation with respect to said forward surface solely by said sleeve and an orientation of said wear ring with respect to said forward surface is random.
7. The improvement of claim 6 wherein said outer end includes a pair of parallel opposing end surfaces spaced apart by said third dimension.
8. The improvement of claim 7 wherein said outer end further includes a second pair of parallel opposing end surfaces perpendicular to said pair of parallel surfaces, said second pair of parallel opposing end surfaces also spaced apart a distance equal to said third dimension.
9. The improvement of claim 7 wherein said outer end further includes a pair of opposing arcuate end surfaces said arcuate end surfaces spaced apart by said fourth dimension.