1. A surgical fastener comprising:
a base defining a central axis;
at least one pair of legs extending from the base, each of the legs including a base portion and a tissue engaging portion, wherein in a first position each of the tissue engaging portions are arranged to define an insertion direction and in a second position each of the tissue engaging portions extend inward towards the central axis, the surgical fastener being at least partially formed from a shape memory material including a combination of Polydioxanone and Poly(L-lactide) or a combination of Trimethylene Carbonate and Poly(L-lactide), the pair of legs being configured to move from the first position to the second position upon activation of the shape memory material.
2. The fastener of claim 1, wherein the shape memory material composed of 15% Polydioxanone and 85% Poly(L-lactide); 20% Polydioxanone and 80% Poly(L-lactide); 15% Trimethylene Carbonate and 85% Poly(L-lactide); or 20% Trimethylene Carbonate and 80% Poly(L-lactide).
3. The fastener of claim 1, wherein the fastener changes from the first position to the second position upon the application of heat.
4. The fastener of claim 1, wherein an insertion member is integrally formed with the base.
5. The fastener of claim 1, wherein the tissue engaging portions include barbs for engaging tissue.
6. The fastener of claim 1, wherein the base includes one of an opening or a protrusion configured for operable engagement with an insertion instrument.
7. The fastener of claim 1, wherein a frangible connection is formed between an insertion member and the base.
8. The fastener of claim 1, further including a second pair of legs.
9. A wound closure apparatus, comprising:
an insertion instrument comprising:
an elongated shaft; and
an extension extending from a distal end of the elongated shaft, the extension including a distal end configured for operable engagement with a fastener, wherein the extension defines one or more vents through which suction may be provided to draw tissue thereabout; and
a fastener having at least one pair of legs movable from a first open position to a second closed position, the surgical fastener being at least partially formed from a shape memory material, the legs moving from the first position to the second position upon activation of the shape memory material.
10. The wound closure apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the legs includes an arcuate shape.
11. The wound closure apparatus of claim 10, wherein each leg includes a point defining an insertion direction.
12. A method of inserting a surgical fastener to close an opening in tissue, the method including the steps of:
providing an insertion instrument including a surgical fastener releasably secured to the distal end thereof, the surgical fastener having an open configuration and being closable;
inserting the distal end of the insertion instrument into the opening;
approximating at least one of the tissue or the distal end of the instrument towards to the other of the distal end of the instrument or the tissue;
retracting the insertion instrument proximally through the incision such that legs of the surgical fastener engage tissue;
closing the surgical fastener around the tissue;
disengaging the insertion instrument from the surgical fastener; and
withdrawing the insertion instrument from the incision.
13. The method of claim 12, further including applying a vacuum to the tissue.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the surgical fastener is at least partially formed from a shape memory material and the fastener is closed by activation of the shape memory material.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the surgical fastener has a pair of legs, and further comprises the step of rotating the fastener about ninety degrees after inserting the distal end of the insertion instrument into the opening.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A bridge device providing data transfer between a PCIE standard and a USB standard, comprising:
a clock generator, comprising:
a crystal oscillator, having a first terminal and a second terminal;
an inverter coupled to the crystal oscillator in parallel, generating a first signal and a second signal at the first and second terminals of the crystal oscillator, respectively;
a first circuit coupled to the first terminal of the crystal oscillator, generating a first clock signal with a constant frequency according to the first signal; and
a second circuit coupled to the second terminal of the crystal oscillator, generating a second clock signal with a variable frequency according to the second signal;
a PCIE module coupled to the clock generator; and
a USB module coupled to the PCIE module, and performing data transfer complying with the USB standard according to the first clock signal and the second clock signal,
wherein the crystal oscillator is directly connected to the first circuit by the first terminal, and the crystal oscillator is directly connected to the second circuit by the second terminal.
2. The bridge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first circuit is a phase locked loop circuit and the second circuit is a spread spectrum clock generator.
3. The bridge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second circuit provides the second clock signal to the USB module for performing SuperSpeed data transfer.
4. The bridge device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the USB module further comprises a USB 3.0 controller to perform the SuperSpeed data transfer.
5. The bridge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first circuit provides the first clock signal to the USB module for performing non-SuperSpeed data transfer.
6. The bridge device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the USB module further comprises a USB 2.0 controller to perform the non-SuperSpeed data transfer.
7. The bridge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second signal is an inverted signal of the first signal.
8. The bridge device as claimed in claim 7, wherein frequency of the first clock signal is larger than frequency of the first signal, and frequency of the second clock signal is larger than the frequency of the first clock signal.
9. The bridge device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second clock signal is used as a reference clock of the PCIE module.