1. A brightness enhancement film, comprising:
a light transmissive substrate, having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;
a plurality of optical structures, disposed on the first surface;
a reflective layer, disposed on the second surface and having a plurality of light transmissive openings; and
a prism layer, covering the reflective layer and the second surface, and comprising a plurality of prism structures protruded away from the second surface.
2. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 1, wherein each of the prism structures comprises a prism rod, the prism rods are arranged along a first direction, and each of the prism rods is extended along a second direction, wherein the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction.
3. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 2, wherein each of the prism rods is non-mirror-symmetrical in the first direction.
4. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 1, wherein each of the prism structures comprises a polygonal pyramid.
5. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the prism structures has different widths in a direction parallel to the second surface, and at least a part of the prism structures has different heights in a direction perpendicular to the second surface.
6. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 1, wherein each of the optical structures comprises a lens, and the light transmissive openings are respectively located on optical axes of the lenses.
7. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 6, wherein each of the lenses has a convex surface facing away from the light transmissive substrate, a curvature radius of the convex surface in a first direction parallel to the first surface is R1, and a curvature radius of the convex surface in a second direction parallel to the first surface is R2, the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction, and R1\u2260R2, a distance between a vertex of the convex surface of the lens and the corresponding light transmissive opening is L, a refractive index of the lenses is n, and the brightness enhancement film satisfies L<nR1(n\u22121) and L<nR2(n\u22121).
8. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 7, wherein widths of the light transmissive openings in the first direction are different from widths of the light transmissive openings in the second direction.
9. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 7, wherein at least a part of the lenses has different widths in the first direction, and a ratio of a maximum value among the widths of the lenses in the first direction to a minimum value among the widths of the lenses in the first direction is between 1 and 4.
10. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 9, wherein at least a part of the lenses has different widths in the second direction, and a ratio of a maximum value among the widths of the lenses in the second direction to a minimum value among the widths of the lenses in the second direction is between 1 and 4.
11. The brightness enhancement film according to claim 1, wherein each of the optical structures comprises at least one of a lens, a lenticular, a cone-shaped prism, and a rod-shaped prism.
12. A backlight module, comprising:
at least one light emitting device, capable of emitting a light beam;
a brightness enhancement film, disposed in a transmission path of the light beam; and
an optical unit, disposed in the transmission path of the light beam between the light emitting device and the brightness enhancement film, wherein the brightness enhancement film comprises:
a light transmissive substrate, having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;
a plurality of optical structures, disposed on the first surface;
a reflective layer, disposed on the second surface, and having a plurality of light transmissive openings; and
a prism layer, covering the reflective layer and the second surface, and comprising a plurality of prism structures protruded away from the second surface.
13. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein each of the prism structures comprises a prism rod, the prism rods are arranged along a first direction, and each of the prism rods is extended along a second direction, wherein the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction.
14. The backlight module according to claim 13, wherein each of the prism rods is non-mirror-symmetrical in the first direction.
15. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein each of the prism structures comprises a polygonal pyramid.
16. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein at least a part of the prism structures has different widths in a direction parallel to the second surface, and at least a part of the prism structures has different heights in a direction perpendicular to the second surface.
17. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein each of the optical structures comprises a lens, and the light transmissive openings are respectively located on optical axes of the lenses.
18. The backlight module according to claim 17, wherein each of the lenses has a convex surface facing away from the light transmissive substrate, a curvature radius of the convex surface in a first direction parallel to the first surface is R1, a curvature radius of the convex surface in a second direction parallel to the first surface is R2, the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction, and R1\u2260R2, a distance between a vertex of the convex surface of the lens and the corresponding light transmissive opening is L, a refractive index of the lenses is n, and the brightness enhancement film satisfies L<nR1(n\u22121) and L<nR2(n\u22121).
19. The backlight module according to claim 18, wherein widths of the light transmissive openings in the first direction are different from widths of the light transmissive openings in the second direction.
20. The backlight module according to claim 18, wherein at least a part of the lenses has different widths in the first direction, and a ratio of a maximum value among the widths of the lenses in the first direction to a minimum value among the widths of the lenses in the first direction is between 1 and 4.
21. The backlight module according to claim 20, wherein at least a part of the lenses has different widths in the second direction, and a ratio of a maximum value among the widths of the lenses in the second direction to a minimum value among the widths of the lenses in the second direction is between 1 and 4.
22. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the optical unit comprises a light guide plate, the light guide plate has a third surface, a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, and an incident surface connecting the third surface and the fourth surface, the reflective layer is located between the light transmissive substrate and the third surface, and the light emitting device is disposed beside the incident surface.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for fabricating composite palladium or palladium alloy membranes, comprising:
a. a surface of a porous ceramic substrate is coated with a smear layer by pencil lead so that surface roughness of the substrate is reduced and surface defects of the substrate are repaired, for avoiding contamination, the pencil lead is annealed before smearing and the substrate coated with a pencil lead is annealed before an electroless plating.
b. activate the smear layer of the pencil lead, thereafter the membrane is deposited via electroless plating.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the annealing a temperature of the annealing of substrate is 300-800\xb0 C., and a annealing time is 0.5-10 h.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an average pore size of the porous ceramic substrate is 0.5-10 \u03bcm and preferably 2-5 \u03bcm.
4. The method according to claim 1, the pencil lead is conventional and commercially available, a shape of the pencil lead is flexible, a hardness of the pencil lead is between 12B-12H, and preferably between 6B-4H.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a density of the smear layer by pencil lead on the substrate is 2-50 gm2.
6. The method according to claim 1, the palladium membrane is deposited on the substrate by electroless plating in a plating bath containing PdCl2 2-6 gL, Na2EDTA 40-80 gL and NH3.H2O 100-400 mlL, and the reducing agent is a hydrazine solution.
7. The method according to claim 1, the palladium alloy membrane is deposited on the substrate by successively plating palladium then other metal, a heat treatment is followed thereafter to make palladium and other metal as palladium alloy.
8. The method according to claim 1, the palladium alloy is palladium-silver or palladium-copper alloy.