1. A polyamide resin composition comprising:
a resin component containing a polyamide (X) obtained through melt polycondensation of a diamine component containing 70% by mol or more of m-xylylenediamine and a dicarboxylic acid component containing 70% by mol or more of an \u03b1,\u03c9-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid,
a fatty acid metallic salt having from 10 to 50 carbon atoms, and
an additive (A),
wherein the additive (A) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a diamide compound obtained from a fatty acid having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and a diamine having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a diester compound obtained from a fatty acid having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and a diol having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a surfactant.
2. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyamide (X) is a polyamide obtained through polycondensation of a diamine component containing 70% by mol or more of m-xylylenediamine and a dicarboxylic acid component containing 70% by mol or more of an \u03b1,\u03c9-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and from 1 to 20% by mol of isophthalic acid.
3. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the surfactant, which is a nonionic surfactant having a kinematic eddy viscosity of 200 to 1,000 mm2s at 25\xb0 C.
4. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fatty acid metallic salt is calcium stearate.
5. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fatty acid metallic salt is included in the polyamide resin composition in an amount of 50 to 5,000 ppm.
6. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyamide (X) has been obtained through said melt polycondensation, in the presence of a phosphorus atom-containing compound.
7. The polyamide resin composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said melt polycondensation has been conducted in the presence of both a phosphorus atom-containing compound and an alkali metal compound.
8. A multilayer structure comprising a barrier layer comprising the resin composition as claimed in claim 1.
9. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the structure further comprises a layer mainly comprising a polyester.
10. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the structure further comprises a layer mainly comprising a polyolefin.
11. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the structure further comprises a layer mainly comprising an aliphatic polyamide.
12. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polyester is a thermoplastic polyester resin obtained through polymerization reaction of a dicarboxylic acid component containing terephthalic acid in an amount of 80% by mol or more, and a diol component containing ethylene glycol in an amount of 80% by mol or more.
13. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the structure is a multilayer bottle having a three-layer structure including polyester layerbarrier layerpolyester layer.
14. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the structure is a multilayer bottle having a five-layer structure including polyester layerbarrier layerpolyester layerbarrier layerpolyester layer.
15. The multilayer structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein a weight of the barrier layer is from 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the multilayer structure.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method process of fusing a biocompatible glass to a metallic substrate, the method comprising:
a. grit blasting the metallic substrate to remove a surface layer of metal;
b. cleaning the abrasion residue off the metallic substrate, after the grit blasting;
c. creating a suspension of biocompatible glass powders in a solvent;
d. coating the metallic substrate with the suspension, after the cleaning;
e. drying thoroughly the suspension coated metallic substrate;
f. inserting the dried coated metallic substrate into a non-reactive chamber of an atmospheric furnace;
g. purging the chamber with an inert gas to substantially remove any other gas within the chamber; and
h. firing the dried coated metallic substrate, inside the chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solvent is 90%-99% propanol in organic alcohol.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the metallic substrate is titanium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein a ceramic oxide is used as an abrasive for the grit blasting step.
5. A method process of fusing a biocompatible glass to a metallic substrate, the method comprising:
a. grit blasting a metallic substrate, comprised of titanium, with aluminum oxide to remove a surface layer of the titanium substrate to minimize the introduction of active foreign particles;
b. cleaning the metallic substrate thoroughly, after the grit blasting;
c. creating a suspension of biocompatible glass powders in a solvent;
d. after the cleaning, depositing the suspension onto the metallic substrate with an air brush, until the substrate is fully coated;
e. drying thoroughly the coated metallic substrate in air;
f. inserting the dried coated substrate into a non-reactive chamber of a furnace with a controlled atmosphere;
g. purging the chamber with an inert gas to substantially remove any other gas within the chamber; and
h. firing the dried coated metallic substrate, inside the chamber, in the inert gas.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the solvent is 90%-99% propanol in organic alcohol.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the biocompatible glass is also bioactive.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the metallic substrate is titanium.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the inert gas is argon.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein the coated metallic substrate is heated to at least a glass transition temperature of the biocompatible glass.
11. A method process of fusing a biocompatible ceramic to a metallic substrate, the method comprising:
a. removing a surface layer of the metallic substrate;
b. creating a suspension of biocompatible ceramic particles in a solvent;
c. coating the metallic substrate with the suspension, after the surface layer has been removed;
d. drying thoroughly the suspension coated metallic substrate;
e. inserting the dried coated metallic substrate into a non-reactive chamber of an atmospheric furnace;
f. purging the chamber with an inert gas to substantially remove any other gas within the chamber;
g. heat processing the coated metallic substrate, inside the chamber, in the inert gas;
i. wherein the coated metallic substrate is heated to at least a glass transition temperature of the biocompatible ceramic; and
h. slow cooling the coated metallic substrate to minimize stress between the coating and the metallic substrate.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the metallic substrate is titanium.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the inert gas is argon.