1. A pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates, which is prepared by irradiating a pressure-sensitive adhesive material comprising (A) an acrylic base polymer comprising a structural unit obtained from a monomer having a carboxyl group in a monomer composition ratio of 0.5 mass % or less and (B) an active energy beam-curable compound, wherein the active energy beam-curable compound is a multifunctional (meth)acrylate base monomer having a cyclic structure, and a photopolymerization initiator, with an active energy beam and wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive has a storage elastic modulus (G\u2032) of 0.3 MPa or more at 23\xb0 C., wherein the ratio (A)(B) is in a range from 100:10 to 100:50 by mass ratio, and (A) is a polymer consisting of units from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, propyl(meth)acrylate, butyl(meth)acrylate, pentyl(meth)acrylate, hexyl(meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, isooctyl(meth)acrylate, decyl(meth)acrylate, dodecyl(meth)acrylate, myristyl(meth)acrylate, palmityl(meth)acrylate, stearyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide, monomethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, monoethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, monomethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylate and monoethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylate, and optionally one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid.
2. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein the storage elastic modulus (G\u2032) at 23\xb0 C. is 0.3 to 15 MPa.
3. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the storage elastic modulus (G\u2032) at 80\xb0 C. is 0.3 MPa or more.
4. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 3, wherein the storage elastic modulus (G\u2032) at 80\xb0 C. is 0.3 to 10 MPa.
5. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein it is used for applying a polarizing plate on a liquid crystal glass cell.
6. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein the multifunctional (meth)acrylate base monomer having a cyclic structure has a molecular weight of less than 1000.
7. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive material further comprises (C) a cross-linking agent.
8. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive material further comprises (D) a silane coupling agent.
9. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein an adhesive strength to non-alkali glass is 0.2 to 20 N25 mm.
10. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 9, wherein a rise percentage of the adhesive strength to non-alkali glass after 168 hours pass since applied is 20% or less based on the initial value.
11. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein a maximum shear load at a distortion of 4000% or less in applying the polarizing plate on non-alkali glass at an applying area of 100 mm2 (10 mm\xd710 mm) and measuring a shear load at a shearing rate of 0.1 mmminute is 70 N or less.
12. The pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1, wherein a gel ratio is 85% or more.
13. A polarizing plate with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, characterized by having a layer comprising the pressure-sensitive adhesive as described in claim 1 on a polarizing plate.
14. A production process for the polarizing plate with the pressure-sensitive adhesive as described in claim 13, comprising applying a polarizing plate on a pressure-sensitive adhesive material layer provided on a release layer of a release sheet and then irradiating a release sheet side with an active energy beam.
15. A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet prepared by interposing the pressure-sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates as described in claim 1 between two release sheets so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive is brought into contact with release layer sides of the release sheets.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for monitoring an eye of a person and detecting drowsiness of the person, the system comprising:
a video imaging camera oriented to generate images of an eye of a person; and
a processor for processing the images generated by the video imaging camera, said processor monitoring the images of the eye and determining whether the eye is in one of an open position and a closed position, said processor determining a time proportion of eye closure as a portion of a time interval that the eye is in the closed position and further determining a drowsiness condition when the time proportion of eye closure exceeds a threshold value.
2. The system as defined in claim 1, wherein the system is located in a vehicle for detecting an eye of a driver of the vehicle and determining a drowsiness condition of the driver of the vehicle.
3. The system as defined in claim 1, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is defined as the amount of time that the eye is in the closed position in proportion to a predetermined time interval.
4. The system as defined in claim 1, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is defined as a number of video image frames that the eye is determined to be in the closed position as compared to the total number of video frames within the time interval.
5. The system as defined in claim 4, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is calculated as a running average based on a fixed number of video frames within the time interval.
6. The system as defined in claim 1, wherein the processor determines that the eye is in the closed position when at least one of a sclera and an iris of an eye is not visible in the image.
7. The system as defined in claim 1, wherein the processor generates an output signal when the processor determines that the time proportion of eye closure exceeds the threshold value.
8. A system for detecting driver drowsiness in a vehicle, said system comprising:
a video imaging camera located in the vehicle and oriented to generate images of an eye of a driver of the vehicle; and
a processor for processing the images generated by the video imaging camera, said processor monitoring images of the eye and determining whether the eye is in one of an open position and a closed position, said processor determining a time proportion of eye closure as the proportion of a time interval that the eye is in the closed position, and further determining a driver drowsiness condition when the time proportion of eye closure exceeds a threshold value.
9. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the processor generates an output signal to initiate a countermeasure when the processor determines that the time proportion exceeds the threshold value.
10. The system as defined in claim 9, wherein the countermeasure comprises an alarm warning to the driver.
11. The system as defined in claim 9, wherein the countermeasure comprises a change in one of heating and cooling in the vehicle.
12. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is defined as the amount of time that the eye is in the closed position in proportion to a predetermined time interval.
13. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is defined as a number of video image frames that the eye is determined to be in the closed position as compared to the total number of video frames within the time interval.
14. The system as defined in claim 13, wherein the time proportion of eye closure is calculated as a running average based on a fixed number of video frames within the time interval.
15. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the processor determines that the eye is in the closed position when at least one of a sclera and an iris of an eye is not visible in the image.
16. A method for monitoring an eye of a person and detecting a drowsiness condition of the person, said method comprising the steps of:
generating images of an eye of a person with a video imaging camera;
processing the images of the eye;
determining whether the eye is one of an open position and a closed position for each of a plurality of images;
determining a time proportion of eye closure as a proportion of a time interval that the eye is in the closed position; and
determining a drowsiness condition of the person when the time proportion of eye closure exceeds a threshold value.
17. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the method monitors an eye of a driver of a vehicle and detects a drowsiness condition of the driver of the vehicle.
18. The method as defined in claim 16 further comprising the step of generating an output signal to initiate a countermeasure when the determined time proportion of eye closure exceeds the threshold value.
19. The method as defined in claim 18, wherein the countermeasure comprises an alarm warning to the driver.
20. The method as defined in claim 18, wherein the countermeasure comprises a change in one of heating and cooling.
21. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the step of determining the time proportion of eye closure is determined as the amount of time that the eye is in the closed position in proportion to a predetermined time interval.
22. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the step of determining time proportion of eye closure comprises determining a number of video frames that the eye is determined to be in the closed position as compared to the total number of video frames within the time interval.
23. The method as defined in claim 22 further comprising the step of calculating a running average of the time proportion of eye closure based on a fixed number of video frames within the time interval.
24. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the step of determining that the eye is in the closed position comprises determining that at least one of a sclera and an iris of the eye is not visible in the image.
25. A method for detecting driver drowsiness in a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of:
capturing images of a driver of the vehicle with a video imaging camera;
processing the images acquired to monitor an eye of the driver;
determining whether the monitored eye is in one of an open position and a closed position;
determining a time proportion of eye closure as a proportion of a given time that the eye is in the closed position; and
determining a driver drowsiness condition when the time proportion of eye closure exceeds a threshold value.
26. The method as defined in claim 25 further comprising the step of generating an output signal to initiate a countermeasure when the determined time proportion of eye closure exceeds the threshold value.
27. The method as defined in claim 26, wherein the countermeasure comprises an alarm warning to the driver.
28. The method as defined in claim 26, wherein the countermeasure comprises a change in one of heating and cooling in the vehicle.
29. The method as defined in claim 25, wherein the step of determining the time proportion of eye closure is determined as the amount of time that the eye is in the closed position in proportion to a predetermined time interval.
30. The method as defined in claim 25, wherein the step of determining time proportion of eye closure comprises determining a number of video frames that the eye is determined to be in the closed position as compared to the total number of video frames within the time interval.
31. The method as defined in claim 30 further comprising the step of calculating a running average of the time proportion of eye closure based on a fixed number of video frames within the time interval.
32. The method as defined in claim 25, wherein the step of determining that at least one of a sclera and an iris of the eye is not visible in the image.