1. A cup rack for holding a plurality of cups, each said cup comprising a body and opposing top and bottom sides, the cup rack comprising:
a cup rack body comprising a top opening, a bottom opening and a passage in communication between said top opening and said bottom opening for accommodating said cups, said passage having a left side, a right side, a front side and a rear side, said left and right sides of said passage respectively facing opposing top and bottom sides of each said cup, said front and rear sides of said passage respectively facing a body side of each said cup, said cup rack body further comprising two rings, two rear upright rods, two left upright rods, two right upright rods and a front rod, each said ring comprising opposing left and right straight segments and opposing front and rear arched segments, said rear upright rods having respective opposing top and bottom ends thereof respectively connected to respective inner sides of the rear arched segments of said two rings and kept in parallel, said left upright rods having respective opposing top and bottom ends thereof respectively connected to respective inner sides of the left straight segments of said two rings and kept parallel to each other, said right upright rods having respective opposing top and bottom ends thereof respectively connected to respective inner sides of the right straight segments of said two rings and kept parallel to each other, said front rod having opposing top and bottom ends thereof respectively connected to respective inner sides of the front arched segments of said two rings, said two rings respectively defining said top opening and said bottom opening therein, said rear upright rods, said left upright rods, said right upright rod, and said front rod being arranged to jointly define said passage; and
a base comprising two limiter members, a rear baffle member and a receiving member, said limiter members each having a top end thereof respectively connected to said cup rack body and disposed at the left and right sides of said passage, said rear baffle member having a top end thereof connected to said cup rack body and disposed at the rear side of said passage, said receiving member having a rear end and a front end, said rear end of said receiving member thereof connected to a bottom end of said rear baffle member, said front end of said receiving member and said two limiter members jointly defining an access port for passing said cups.
2. The cup rack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rear baffle member comprises two baffle rods; said receiving member comprises two support rods and an upright rod, said support rods each having a rear end, said two rear ends of support rods being respectively connected to said baffle rods in a downwardly inclined manner relative to said baffle rods, said upright rod of said receiving member having two opposing ends thereof respectively connected to respective front ends of said support rods in a vertical position on said support rods.
3. The cup rack as claimed in claim 2, wherein said two baffle rods have respective bottom ends thereof disposed below the elevation of bottom ends of said limiter members; said upright rod is disposed below the elevation of said two limiter members.
4. The cup rack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said front rod comprises a long straight segment and two short straight segments, said two short straight segments being respectively connected to opposing top and bottom ends of said long straight segment at a predetermined angle and kept facing each other.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of making a seamless, tubular article, the method comprising:
subjecting a cast tubular workpiece of a corrosion resistant alloy to at least a 35% wall reduction including at least two reductions at a temperature below a recrystallization temperature of the workpiece using a metal forming process comprising at least one of radial forging, rolling, pilgering, and flowforming, and wherein a first reduction applied to the cast tubular workpiece is at least a 25% wall reduction;
wherein the cast tubular workpiece is a centrifugally cast tubular workpiece comprising an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wall reduction is at least 50%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion resistant alloy is one of a stainless steel alloy, a titanium-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy, and a zirconium-based alloy.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion resistant alloy is a duplex stainless steel alloy.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein material has been removed from the inner diameter of the cast tubular workpiece.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the wall reduction:
removing material from the inner diameter of the cast tubular workpiece.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cast tubular workpiece is a heat treated, cast tubular workpiece.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the wall reduction:
heat treating the cast tubular workpiece.
9. The method of claim 8, where the heat treating comprises at least one of age hardening and annealing.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal forming process is radial forging.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal forming process is rolling.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal forming process is pilgering.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal forming process is flowforming.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal forming process comprises:
providing at least two rollers having a displacement from one another in an axial direction with respect to the cast tubular workpiece; and
compressing the outer diameter of the cast tubular workpiece with the rollers at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the workpiece using a combination of axial and radial forces so that a mandrel contacts and imparts a compressive hoop stress to the inner diameter.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the corrosion resistant alloy is a duplex stainless steel alloy; and
the metal forming process comprises rolling.
16. A method of making a seamless tubular article from a centrifugally cast, corrosion resistant alloy, the method comprising:
cold working a cast tubular workpiece comprising an inner diameter, an outer diameter, and a wall thickness by at least one of flowforming, radial forging, rolling, and pilgering to provide a wall reduction, wherein the cold working includes at least two wall reductions, and wherein a first wall reduction applied to the cast tubular workpiece is at least a 25% wall reduction;
wherein the cast tubular workpiece is a centrifugally cast, tubular workpiece of a corrosion resistant alloy; and
wherein the corrosion resistant alloy is selected from a stainless steel alloy, a titanium-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, and a zirconium-based alloy.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the corrosion resistant alloy is a duplex stainless steel alloy.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the cold working provides a wall reduction of at least 35%.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein material has been removed from the inner diameter of the cast tubular workpiece.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein cold working the cast tubular workpiece comprises:
providing at least two rollers having a displacement from one another in an axial direction with respect to the cast tubular workpiece; and
compressing the outer diameter of the cast tubular workpiece with the rollers at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the corrosion resistant alloy using a combination of axial and radial forces so that a mandrel contacts and imparts a compressive hoop stress to the inner diameter of the cast tubular workpiece.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the cast tubular workpiece is a heat treated, cast tubular workpiece.
22. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to the wall reduction:
heat treating the cast tubular workpiece.
23. A method of producing a seamless, tubular product, the method comprising:
subjecting a centrifugally cast tubular workpiece of a duplex stainless steel to a at least two wall reductions, and wherein a first wall reduction applied to the centrifugally cast workpiece is at least a 25% wall reduction, at a temperature below a recrystallization temperature of the duplex stainless steel using a metal forming process comprising rolling, wherein the centrifugally cast tubular workpiece includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein material has been removed from the inner diameter.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least two wall reductions provide at least a 35% wall reduction.