1.-5. (canceled)
6. An electronic control system for controlling a rotational speed of at least one drive motor of a motor vehicle, comprising:
an engine controller supplying a predefined target rotational speed and an actual rotational speed to a subtractor which forms therefrom a rotational speed difference,
a gradient forming device determining from the rotational speed difference a magnitude and a direction of a rotational speed difference gradient, and
a processor receiving from the subtractor the rotational speed difference and from the gradient forming device the rotational speed difference gradient as system values and determining therefrom control parameters influencing control of the rotational speed,
wherein the engine controller controls the rotational speed of the at least one drive motor based on the control parameters.
7. The control system of claim 6, wherein the system values, in addition to determining the control parameters, comprise a rate of change of at least one of the target rotational speed and the actual rotational speed.
8. The control system of claim 6, further comprising a memory storing the control parameters associated with system values or with combinations of the system values.
9. The control system of claim 8, wherein the processor reads out from a parameter map stored in the memory control parameters associated with the system values or the combinations of system values and transmits the control parameters to the engine controller.
10. The control system of claim 6, wherein the motor vehicle is a hybrid vehicle and comprises an internal combustion engine and of an electric motor as drive motors, and wherein engine-specific control parameters associated with each drive motor are used for controlling the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and of the electric motor.
11. A method for controlling the rotational speed of at least one drive motor of a motor vehicle, comprising:
computing with a controller a rotational speed difference between a predefined target rotational speed and an actual rotational speed of the at least one drive motor as system values,
computing with the controller a magnitude and a direction of a rotational speed difference gradient as an additional system value and providing the rotational speed difference and the rotational speed difference gradient to a processor which determines therefrom control parameters that influence control of the rotational speed, and
controlling the rotational speed based on the control parameters.
12. The method of claim 11, and further taking into account as additional system values a rate of change of at least one of the target rotational speed and of the actual rotational speed.
13. The method of claim 13, and further storing in a memory the control parameters associated with the system values and the additional system values or with combinations of the system values and the additional systems.
14. The method of claim 13, and further comprising
transmitting the system values and the additional system value to a processor which reads, from a parameter map memory stored in the memory, control parameters associated with the system values and the additional system values or with combinations of the system values and the additional system values, and
transmitting the control parameters to an engine controller of the at least one drive motor.
15. The method of claim 11, and further comprising, using engine-specific control parameters for controlling the rotational speed of each of an internal combustion engine and of an electric motor arranged in a hybrid vehicle as drive motors.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for producing a microporous polymeric object, the process comprising the steps of
forming a mixture, by thermal-melt mixing, followed by lowering temperature, or by mixing in a solvent, followed by removal of the solvent, of
a block copolymer (I) being made of three or more kinds of segments having mutually-different monomer units, one or more of the segments being made of monomer units having a first functional group capable of forming ionic bond andor hydrogen bond, and the block copolymer (I) forming a three-dimensional co-continuous structure having mutually-independent and continuous regions each made of the segments, due to a phase separation based on incompatibility between the segments, and
a polymer (II) having, at other than the terminals of its polymer chain, a second functional group forming ionic bond andor hydrogen bond with the first functional group,
thereby allowing the one or more segments in the block copolymer (I) to be associated with the polymer (II) at many points by the ionic bond andor hydrogen bond developed between the first and the second functional groups followed by the phase separation;
forming a polymeric object with the co-continuous structure including a region that contains the polymer (II) and the segments in the block copolymer (I) being in a state of association with the polymer (II);
in the mixture, weakening the ionic bond andor hydrogen bond between the first functional group of the block copolymer (I) and the second functional group of the polymer (II), and removing the polymer (II) from the region to form, on the polymeric object, continuous pores in a shape corresponding to the region while maintaining the three-dimensional co-continuous structure formed by the block copolymer (I).
2. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
the block copolymer (I) is a block copolymer made of three kinds of segments having mutually-different monomer units.
3. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
only one of the segments has the first functional group.
4. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
the polymer (II) is a homopolymer made of a monomer unit having the second functional group.
5. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
a combination of the first and the second functional groups is a combination where hydrogen bond occurs between both functional groups.
6. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
a combination of the first and second functional groups is a combination of a functional group having a nitrogen atom and a functional group having an oxygen atom.
7. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
a combination of the first and second functional groups is a combination of at least one selected from azaphenyl group, dialkyl amine group, cyano group and morpholine group, and at least one selected from hydroxyphenyl group, sulfonic acid group and carboxyl group.
8. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
a combination of the first and second functional groups is a combination of azaphenyl group and hydroxyphenyl group.
9. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
the block copolymer (I) is (polyisoprene-polystyrene-poly2-vinylpyridine) triblock copolymer.
10. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein
the polymer (II) is poly ((4hydroxystyrene).
11. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 1, wherein weakening of the ionic bond andor hydrogen bond between the first and the second functional groups includes using acid or alkali.
12. The process for producing a microporous polymeric object according to claim 11, wherein
the acid or the alkali is an organic acid or an organic base.