1. A sulfonated aromatic polyether ketone of the formula (II)
ArOArCOArOArCOArCO(II)
in which from 1% to 100% of the O-phenylene-CO units are substituted with an SO3M group and sulfonated and unsulfonated O-phenylene-CO units can be in any desired sequence with respect to one another, the radicals Ar, Ar and Ar independently of one another are substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene rings, and
M, taking into account the ionic valencies, comprises one or more elements selected from the following group: H, NR4, where R is H or C1-C4-alkyl, or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or a metal from subgroup 8, and is preferably H, NR4, Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe or Pt.
2. A process for the preparation of a polyether ketone of the formula (II) in which Ar, Ar and Ar are as defined in claim 1 by dissolving the corresponding unsulfonated polyether ketone of the formula (II) in from 94 to 97% strength by weight sulfuric acid, adding a sulfonating agent to the solution thus obtained, at an appropriate temperature, and working up the reaction mixture as soon as the desired degree of sulfonation has been reached, and, if desired, converting the sulfonic acid groups into their salt form.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dissolution temperature is in the range from 10 to 80 C.
4. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sulfonation temperature is in the range from 10 to 100 C.
5. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein following addition of the sulfonating agent the temperature of the solution is at least 30 C.
6. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sulfonating agent used is sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfur trioxide or a mixture of these compounds.
7. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein oleum is added to the polyether ketone, dissolved in sulfuric acid, until the concentration of sulfuric acid is from 98 to 100% by weight or the concentration of oleum is from 0.01 to 15% by weight of SO3.
8. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein a polyether ketone of the formula (I) is dissolved in from 95 to 97% strength by weight sulfuric acid at not more than 80 C. and is sulfonated at temperatures of from 50 to 100 C.
9. A process for the preparation of a sulfonated polyether ketone by dissolving the polyether ketone in from 94 to 97% strength by weight sulfuric acid, sulfonating the polyether ketone in sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid or a mixture thereof and working up the reaction mixture as soon as the desired degree of sulfonation has been reached, wherein from 1 to 100% of the O-phenylene-CO units are substituted with an SO3M group.
10. A polymer electrolyte solution comprising a sulfonated aromatic polyether ketone of formula (II).
11. The polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claim 10, which comprises at least 1% by weight of sulfonated polyether ketones of the formula (II).
12. The polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claim 10, whose principal constituent is an aprotic dipolar solvent, for example N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide.
13. The polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claim 10, which comprises a further, sulfonated or unsulfonated polymer and, if desired, small quantities of auxiliaries.
14. The use of a polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claims 10 to 13 for preparing asymmetric membranes, for example for nano-, ultra- or microfiltration.
15. The use of a polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claims 10 to 13 for preparing cohesive films.
16. The use of a polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claims 10 to 13 for establishing particularly intensive contact between two polymer electrolyte surfaces.
17. The use of a polymer electrolyte solution as claimed in claims 10 to 13 for achieving a porous or rough surface after contacting the solution with a precipitating agent.
18. The use of a polymer as claimed in claim 1 for preparing a polymer electrolyte solution andor for preparing a polymer film.
19. The use of a polymer as claimed in claim 1 andor 18 in electrochemical cells.
20. The use as claimed in claim 19, wherein the electrochemical cell is a fuel cell or an electrolyzer.
21. A film having a thickness of from 5 m to 1 mm, which comprises a polyether ketone as claimed in claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A rotor for a rotorcraft having foldable hinged blades, the rotor comprising a hub (10), each blade being connected to the hub by a sleeve, each sleeve being hinged about a pitch axis (15) relative to the hub, the rotor including a lag damper (14) associated with each blade, each damper being hinged both to the hub and to the corresponding sleeve, the rotor including a system for controlling blade pitch via a respective pitch lever (16) secured to each sleeve, the rotor including two abutments designed to co-operate with tooling for blocking blade pitch, a first abutment presenting a bearing surface (35, 36) matching a shape of revolution about an axis (18) of revolution to center a bearing face (41, 53) of the tooling relative to said axis, and a second abutment (33, 39, 70) designed to position a bearing face (46, 57, 63) of the tooling axially along said axis of revolution, the first abutment and the second abutment being secured to a connection system hinged between a lag damper and the hub.
2. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the first abutment and the second abutment are formed in a part (32) that is secured to the hinged connection system.
3. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the surface of revolution of the first abutment is formed on the outside portion of a part (32) secured to the hinged connection system.
4. A rotor according to claim 3, in which the hinge connection includes a fork (23, 24) receiving a shaft (25), and in which the first abutment is formed by an outside surface of a ring (32) through which said shaft passes or integrated with said shaft.
5. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the first abutment presents a shape that is a portion of a paraboloid, a hyperboloid, a cone, or a sphere, and forms at least a portion of the second abutment.
6. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the first abutment is cylindrical and of circular section, and is distinct from the second abutment.
7. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the surface of the second abutment is plane and perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the first abutment.
8. A rotor according to claim 1, in which the surface of the second abutment matches the shape of a half-torus, and is in the form of an annular groove (38) formed in a cylindrical ring (32) whose outside surface forms the first abutment.
9. Tooling for blocking the pitch of the blades of a rotor, the rotor comprising a hub (10), each blade being connected to the hub by a sleeve, each sleeve being hinged about a pitch axis (15) relative to the hub, the rotor including a lag damper (14) associated with each blade, each damper being hinged both to the hub and to the corresponding sleeve, the rotor including a system for controlling blade pitch via a respective pitch lever (16) secured to each sleeve, the rotor including two abutments designed to co-operate with tooling for blocking blade pitch, a first abutment presenting a bearing surface (35, 36) matching a shape of revolution about an axis (18) of revolution to center a bearing face (41, 53) of the tooling relative to said axis, and a second abutment (33, 39, 70) designed to position a bearing face (46, 57, 63) of the tooling axially along said axis of revolution, the first abutment and the second abutment being secured to a connection system hinged between a lag damper and the hub, the tooling presenting a first bearing face (41, 53) complementary to the first abutment, and a second bearing face (46, 57, 63) complementary to the second abutment.
10. Tooling according to claim 9, comprising rods (44) for blocking the rotary swashplate (49) of the system for controlling the pitch of the rotor blades, the top end (43) of each blocking rod including said first bearing face which is formed by a bore (41) designed to be placed with little clearance around a ring (32) carrying the first abutment.
11. Tooling according to claim 10, including a pin or peg (46) co-operating with the second abutment that is in the form of an annular groove to prevent the blocking rod from moving relative to the hub in translation along the common axis (18, 42) of the bore in the head of the rod and of the first abutment.
12. Tooling according to claim 9, comprising a blocking shell (52) presenting a depression (64) such as a fork designed to receive a projection (65) of complementary shape and secured to the pitch lever, or a projection such as a finger designed to be received in a depression of complementary shape secured to the pitch lever.
13. Tooling according to claim 12, in which the shell presents a bore (53) designed to co-operate with the first abutment and also presenting a third bearing face (59) designed to co-operate with a third abutment (60) secured to the hub in order to prevent the shell from moving in rotation about the axis (18) of revolution of the first abutment.
14. Tooling according to claim 12, further including a screw (61) having a head for pressing the generally plane second bearing face (57, 63) of the shell against the second abutment (33, 70) secured to the hub.
15. Tooling according to claim 14, wherein said screw is engaged in a tapped orifice (51) provided in the hub.
16. Tooling according to claim 15, wherein said screw is engaged in the shaft providing the hinged connection between the hub and the lag damper.
17. A method of blocking the pitch of a sleeve of a blade of a rotor, the rotor comprising a hub (10), each blade being connected to the hub by a sleeve, each sleeve being hinged about a pitch axis (15) relative to the hub, the rotor including a lag damper (14) associated with each blade, each damper being hinged both to the hub and to the corresponding sleeve, the rotor including a system for controlling blade pitch via a respective pitch lever (16) secured to each sleeve, the rotor including two abutments designed to co-operate with tooling for blocking blade pitch, a first abutment presenting a bearing surface (35, 36) matching a shape of revolution about an axis (18) of revolution to center a bearing face (41, 53) of the tooling relative to said axis, and a second abutment (33, 39, 70) designed to position a bearing face (46, 57, 63) of the tooling axially along said axis of revolution, the first abutment and the second abutment being secured to a connection system hinged between a lag damper and the hub, the method comprising the steps of:
locking the pitch of all of the sleeves via hydraulically-assisted flight controls;
providing a tooling, the tooling presenting a first bearing face (41, 53) complementary to the first abutment, and a second bearing face (46, 57, 63) complementary to the second abutment; and
temporarily securing tooling to the hub by using abutments provided for this purpose, and then turning off the hydraulic assistance.