1. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a handle assembly, the surgical device adapter comprising:
a housing;
a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and couplable to the handle assembly and the end effector; and
a drive coupling assembly selectively couplable to the handle assembly, the drive coupling assembly comprising a retraction assembly movable from a first configuration to a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration the retraction assembly is disengaged from the drive mechanism and in the second configuration the retraction assembly is engaged with the drive mechanism and prevents coupling of the handle assembly to the surgical device adapter.
2. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1, wherein the drive coupling assembly is configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis defined by the surgical device adapter and relative to the housing such that when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration, rotation of the drive coupling assembly actuates the drive mechanism.
3. The surgical device adapter according to claim 2, wherein the retraction assembly comprises:
a lock rocker pivotally coupled within the drive coupling assembly; and
a lock ring rotatable about the longitudinal axis and relative to the drive coupling assembly, wherein upon rotation thereof the lock ring is configured to actuate the lock rocker to engage with the drive mechanism.
4. The surgical device adapter according to claim 3, wherein the lock rocker further comprises a first proximally facing stop member configured to abut the surgical device to prevent coupling thereof to the handle assembly when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration.
5. The surgical device adapter according to claim 3, wherein the retraction assembly further comprises:
a spring-loaded lock bolt slidably coupled to the drive coupling and engaged with the lock ring, the lock bolt configured to prevent rotation of the lock ring.
6. The surgical device adapter according to claim 5, wherein the lock bolt further comprises a second proximally facing stop member configured to abut the surgical device to prevent coupling thereof to the handle assembly when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration.
7. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1, wherein the drive coupling assembly comprises:
at least one latch pivotally coupled therein and configured to engage the handle assembly.
8. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a handle assembly, the surgical device adapter comprising:
a housing;
a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and couplable to the handle assembly and the end effector; and
a refraction assembly rotationally coupled to the drive mechanism and configured to:
rotate about a longitudinal axis defined by the surgical device adapter in response to rotation of the drive mechanism; and
rotate the drive mechanism in response to rotation thereof.
9. The surgical device adapter according to claim 8, wherein the drive mechanism comprises:
a drive shaft coupled to the end effector and configured to actuate the first and second jaws, the drive shaft non-rotatably supporting a gear.
10. The surgical device adapter according to claim 9, wherein the retraction assembly comprises:
a retraction gear comprising an inner geared surface mechanically engaged with the gear.
11. The surgical device adapter according to claim 10, wherein the retraction gear comprises a latch pivotally coupled thereto about a pivot, wherein the latch is movable from a closed configuration in which the latch is formed about the retraction gear and an open configuration in which the latch radially extends from the retraction gear.
12. The surgical device adapter according to claim 11, wherein the latch includes a stop feature disposed adjacent the pivot to limit pivoting of the latch relative to the retraction gear.
13. The surgical device adapter according to claim 10, wherein the retraction gear comprises a grip surface along at least a portion of an outer surface thereof.
14. A surgical device comprising:
an end effector including a first jaw and a second jaw moveable relative to the first jaw;
a handle assembly including at least one motor mechanically coupled to the jaw assembly; and
an adapter assembly removably coupled to a proximal end of the jaw assembly and a distal end of the handle assembly, the adapter assembly comprising:
a housing;
a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and configured to couple the at least one motor to the end effector; and
a drive coupling assembly selectively couplable to the handle assembly, the drive coupling assembly comprising a retraction assembly movable from a first configuration to a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration the retraction assembly is disengaged from the drive mechanism and in the second configuration the retraction assembly is engaged with the drive mechanism and prevents coupling of the handle assembly to the surgical device adapter.
15. The surgical device according to claim 14, wherein the drive coupling assembly is configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis defined by the surgical device adapter and relative to the housing such that when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration rotation of the drive coupling assembly actuates the drive mechanism.
16. The surgical device according to claim 15, wherein the retraction assembly of the adapter assembly comprises:
a lock rocker pivotally coupled within the drive coupling assembly; and
a lock ring rotatable about the longitudinal axis and relative to the drive coupling assembly, wherein upon rotation thereof the lock ring is configured to actuate the lock rocker to engage with the drive mechanism.
17. The surgical device according to claim 16, wherein the lock rocker of the retraction assembly comprises a first proximally facing stop member configured to abut the surgical device to prevent coupling of the adapter assembly to the handle assembly when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration.
18. The surgical device according to claim 16, wherein the retraction assembly further comprises:
a spring-loaded lock bolt slidably coupled to the drive coupling and engaged with the lock ring, the lock bolt configured to prevent rotation of the lock ring.
19. The surgical device according to claim 18, wherein the lock bolt of the retraction assembly comprises a second proximally facing stop member configured to abut the surgical device to prevent coupling of the adapter assembly to the handle assembly when the retraction assembly is in the second configuration.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An acicular silicon crystal having a substantial conical shape tapered to have a radius of curvature of not less than 1 nm to no more than 20 nm at its tip end and having a diameter of bottom surface of not less than 10 nm, and a height equivalent to or more than the diameter of bottom surface.
2. The acicular silicon crystal according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of bottom surface is not less than 10 nm to no more than 50000 nm, and the height is not less than 10 nm to no more than 200000 nm.
3. The acicular silicon crystal according to claim 1, wherein it is oriented perpendicularly to a surface of the substrate.
4. The acicular silicon crystal according to claim 1, wherein a surface thereof is coated with a thin carbon film.
5. A method for producing an acicular silicon crystal, wherein an indefinite large number of microscopic acicular crystals are uniformly formed on a surface of a silicon surface by plasma CVD method using a catalyst, in such a manner that they are oriented perpendicularly to the substrate.
6. The method for producing an acicular silicon crystal according to claim 5, wherein in the plasma CVD method, after uniformly adhering catalytic metal micro particles on the surface of the silicon substrate, discharge plasma is caused to generate by microwave power while supplying a hydrocarbon-based gas and a carrier gas, thereby forming on the surface of the silicon substrate acicular crystals whose surfaces are coated with a thin carbon film.
7. The method for producing an acicular silicon crystal according to claim 5, wherein an n-type low resistive silicon substrate is used as the silicon substrate.
8. The acicular silicon crystal according to claim 2, wherein it is oriented perpendicularly to a surface of the substrate.
9. The acicular silicon crystal according to claim 2, wherein a surface thereof is coated with a thin carbon film.
10. The method for producing an acicular silicon crystal according to claim 6, wherein an n-type low resistive silicon substrate is used as the silicon substrate.