1. A nano-sized dispersed binder to immobilize sand dunes and wind-blown particles, said binder comprising: a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) modified sodium silicate and a calcium chloride dihydrate solution.
2. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 1, in which a nano-sized dispersion structure referred to as mixture A is comprised of an aqueous sodium silicate solution designated as compound (\u201ca\u201d) and a PVP designated as compound (\u201cb\u201d) is formed into a binder referred to as mixture B and calcium chloride dihydrate solution referred to as compound \u201cc\u201d are mixed together.
3. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which said binder comprises from 10 to 70 vol. % of water diluted compound \u201ca\u201d, from about 1 to 5 wgt. % of compound \u201cb\u201d, and from about 0.5 to 1.5 wgt. % of compound \u201cc\u201d.
4. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which compound \u201ca\u201d has SiO2 to Na2O weight ratios of 3.22:1 and 40% solids.
5. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which water diluted compound \u201ca\u201d concentration ranges from 10 to 70 vol. % and exhibit desirable physico-chemical characteristics for pH from about 11.79 to 11.96, viscosity from about 1.33 to 9.48 centipoise, and density from about 1.089 to 1.265 gcm3.
6. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which compound \u201cb\u201d has molecular weight of 40,000, film density of 1.207 gcm3 and nitrogen content ranging from 11.5 to 12.8%.
7. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which compound \u201cb\u201d concentration ranges from 1 to 5 wgt. % and exhibits a physico-chemical characteristics for pH from about 5.83 to 4.49, viscosity from about 1.48 to 3 centipoise, and density from about 0.988 to 1.006 gcm3.
8. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which compound \u201cc\u201d exhibits a concentration ranging from about 0.5 to 1.33 wgt. %.
9. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which mixture B possesses a pH value from about 10 to 11.
10. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 2, in which mixture B temperature ranges from 25 to 60\xb0 C. and about 40\xb0 C.
11. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 10, in which the desired concentrations for compound \u201ca\u201d ranges between 13-66.67 vol. %, compound \u201cb\u201d ranges between 1 to 5 wgt. %, and compound \u201cc\u201d ranges between 0.5 to 1.33 wgt. %.
12. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 11, in which the desired gelation time ranges from 17 to 60 minutes.
13. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 11, in which optimum gelling characteristics can be achieved when the ratio of reagent weight (compound \u201cb\u201d plus compound \u201cc\u201d) over compound \u201ca\u201d volume is maintained between 0.04 to 0.12, and viscosities between 2 to 6 centipoise.
14. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 11, in which a weight of mixture B aqueous solution is about 15 to 25% of dry weight of sand dunes.
15. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 1, in which upon curing the solidified material (mixture B plus sand dunes) exhibits a desirable compressive strength ranging between 3.59 to 5.29 MPa.
16. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 1, in which upon curing the solidified material (mixture B plus sand dunes) endures a maximum material loss of 1 wgt. % when exposed to wind velocity of 14 ms for 1 hour.
17. A nano-sized dispersed binder according to claim 1, in which upon curing the solidified material (mixture B plus sand dunes) maintains a hydraulic conductivity in the order of 1.0\xd710\u22127 ms.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for packing a TAB tape in which method the TAB tape is wound on a reel so as to be packed, the TAB tape being a tape-shaped insulating film on which circuits are provided in a repeated manner, the circuits each of which is made up of metal wiring and a solder resist, the method comprising:
a first step of winding at least the TAB tape on an outermost peripheral surface of a reel having a cylindrical shape at a tension from 0.5 N to 2 N applied to the TAB tape, wherein
the reel comprises a shaft hole on its inner peripheral side,
the reel does not comprise a flange,
a diameter of the reel is greater than or equal to 70 mm and is less than or equal to 105 mm,
while the first step is performed, the TAB tape is held with a reinforcing plate to prevent displacement of the TAB tape being wound, and
while the first step is performed, the TAB tape is wound so that stacked portions of the TAB tape are in close contact with each other.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reel has a Rockwell hardness of not less than M90 and a melt flow rate of not less than 7 g10 min.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reel has a surface resistance of not higher than 1011\u03a9.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
one lot of the TAB tape has a predetermined length; and
a plurality of lots of TAB tapes are wound on the reel.
5. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein a tape is attached to any two adjacent ones of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes, on one side of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes, so that any two adjacent ones of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are joined to each other.
6. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a second step of vacuum-sealing, in an antistatic bag, the reel on which the TAB tape is wound.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6, wherein in the second step, nitrogen is sealed in the antistatic bag.
8. A method as set forth in claim 4, further comprising a second step of vacuum-sealing, in an antistatic bag, the reel on which the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are wound.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein in the second step, nitrogen is sealed in the antistatic bag.
10. A method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a third step of affixing, onto the antistatic bag, a label showing an order in which the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are wound on the reel.
11. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein after the TAB tape is stored at 50\xb0 C. for 24 hours, an adhesion between the solder resist and the insulating film is not higher than 2 N.
12. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the winding includes winding at least 160 m of the TAB tape on the reel.
13. A packing structure for a TAB tape, the TAB tape being wound on a reel of the packing structure so as to be packed, the TAB tape being a tape-shaped insulating film on which circuits are provided in a repeated manner, the circuits each of which is made up of metal wiring and a solder resist, the packing structure comprising:
a reel having a cylindrical shape, and comprising a shaft hole on its inner peripheral side; and
at least the TAB tape wound on an outermost peripheral surface of the reel at a tension from 0.5 N to 2 N applied to the TAB tape, wherein
the reel does not comprise a flange,
a diameter of the reel is greater than or equal to 70 mm and is less than or equal to 105 mm,
the TAB tape is held with a reinforcing plate to prevent displacement of the TAB tape being wound, and
the TAB tape is wound so that stacked portions of the TAB tape are in close contact with each other.
14. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein the reel has a Rockwell hardness of not less than M90 and a melt flow rate of not less than 7 g10 min.
15. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein the reel has a surface resistance of not higher than 1011\u03a9.
16. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein:
one lot of the TAB tape has a predetermined length; and
a plurality of lots of TAB tapes are wound on the reel.
17. The packing structure as set forth in claim 16, wherein a tape is attached to any two adjacent ones of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes, on one side of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes, so that any two adjacent ones of the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are joined to each other.
18. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein the reel on which the TAB tape is wound is vacuum-sealed in an antistatic bag.
19. The packing structure as set forth in claim 18, wherein nitrogen is sealed in the antistatic bag in which the reel on which the TAB tape is wound is vacuum-sealed.
20. The packing structure as set forth in claim 16, wherein the reel on which the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are wound is vacuum-sealed in an antistatic bag.
21. The packing structure as set forth in claim 20, wherein nitrogen is sealed in the antistatic bag in which the reel on which the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are wound is vacuum-sealed.
22. The packing structure as set forth in claim 20, wherein a label showing an order in which the plurality of lots of the TAB tapes are wound on the reel is affixed onto the antistatic bag.
23. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein after the TAB tape is stored at 50\xb0 C. for 24 hours, an adhesion between the solder resist and the insulating film is not higher than 2 N.
24. The packing structure as set forth in claim 13, wherein at least 160 m of the TAB tape is wound on the reel.