1. A system, comprising:
a dip tube configured to direct a gas toward a sump, wherein the dip tube comprises an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a quench ring coupled to the dip tube, wherein the quench ring is configured to provide a quench fluid flow to the sump over both the inner surface and the outer surface of the dip tube.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the quench ring comprises a plurality of inner quench ring openings configured to provide an inner quench fluid flow to the inner surface, and a plurality of outer quench ring openings configured to provide an outer quench fluid flow to the outer surface.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of inner quench ring openings and the plurality of quench ring surface openings are configured to impart a swirling motion to the inner quench fluid flow and the outer quench fluid flow.
4. The system of claim 1, comprising a partition disposed in the quench ring, wherein the partition is configured to divide the quench fluid flow into an inner quench fluid flow configured to flow over the inner surface and an outer quench fluid flow configured to flow over the outer surface.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the partition comprises an inner partition opening configured to provide the inner quench fluid flow and an outer partition opening configured to provide the outer quench fluid flow.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the inner partition opening is configured to provide a first flow rate of the inner quench fluid flow and the outer partition opening is configured to provide a second flow rate of the outer quench fluid flow.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the inner partition opening and the outer partition opening each comprise a plurality of openings.
8. The system of claim 4, comprising a flow baffle disposed in the quench ring, wherein the flow baffle is configured to direct the inner quench fluid flow against a hot face surface of the quench ring.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the quench fluid flow comprises at least one of water, or an inert gas, or a combination thereof.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the quench ring is configured to provide an inner quench fluid flow to the sump over the inner surface and an outer quench fluid flow over the outer surface, wherein the inner quench fluid flow and the outer quench fluid flow are different from one another.
11. The system of claim 1, comprising at least one of a quench unit, a gasifier, a reactor, or a partial oxidation system, or any combination thereof having the dip tube and the quench ring.
12. A system, comprising:
a gasifier, comprising:
a reaction chamber configured to convert a feedstock into a synthetic gas;
a quench chamber configured to cool the synthetic gas;
a dip tube disposed downstream of the reaction chamber, wherein the dip tube comprises an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a quench ring configured to provide a quench fluid flow to the quench chamber over both the inner surface and the outer surface of the dip tube.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the quench ring comprises a plurality of inner quench ring openings configured to provide the quench fluid flow to the inner surface, and a plurality of outer quench ring openings configured to provide the quench fluid flow to the outer surface.
14. The system of claim 12, comprising a partition disposed in the quench ring, wherein the partition is configured to divide the quench fluid flow into an inner quench fluid flow configured to flow over the inner surface and an outer quench fluid flow configured to flow over the outer surface.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the partition comprises an inner partition opening configured to provide the inner quench fluid flow and an outer surface partition configured to provide the outer quench fluid flow.
16. The system of claim 14, comprising:
a quench fluid valve configured to adjust a flow rate of the quench fluid flow to the quench ring; and
a controller configured to control the quench fluid valve to adjust the flow rate of the quench fluid flow.
17. A method, comprising:
gasifying a feedstock in a reaction chamber to generate a synthetic gas;
flowing the synthetic gas from the reaction chamber to a quench chamber through a dip tube, wherein the dip tube comprises an inner surface and an outer surface;
quenching the synthetic gas in the quench chamber to cool the synthetic gas, wherein quenching comprises providing a quench fluid flow from a quench ring coupled to the dip tube; and
protecting the dip tube by flowing the quench fluid flow over both the inner surface and the outer surface of the dip tube.
18. The method of claim 17, comprising dividing the quench fluid flow in the quench ring into an inner quench fluid flow configured to flow over the inner surface and an outer quench fluid flow configured to flow over the outer surface using a partition disposed in the quench ring.
19. The method of claim 18, comprising:
providing the inner quench fluid flow through an inner partition opening disposed in the partition; and
flowing an outer quench fluid flow through an outer partition opening disposed in the partition.
20. The method of claim 17, comprising:
flowing an inner quench fluid flow configured to flow over the inner surface through a plurality of inner quench ring openings disposed in the quench ring; and
flowing an outer quench fluid flow configured to flow over the outer surface through a plurality of outer quench ring openings disposed in the quench ring.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Canceled
2. A method of imprinting fish in water with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing said odorant and an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the water in which the fish are maintained or transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the agent that contributes to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish is NaCl.
4. A method of imprinting fish in water with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed;
c. adding said odorant to the water, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the water to which the imprinted fish are maintained or transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
5. A method for growing fish by feeding fish in water with at least one attractant for said fish, wherein the fish have been imprinted in water with the attractant, said method comprises adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing said attractant and a source of nutrition, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to the attractant and consume the feed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fish are imprinted with the attractant by:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of fish to the odorant; and
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of an agent that is sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the attractant.
7. A method of attracting or homing fish that have been imprinted in water with at least one attractant for said fish, the method comprises exposing the imprinted fish to a source of said attractant in the water in a sufficient amount to attract or home the fish.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein exposing the fish to said attractant further includes adhering the attractant to an object and placing said object having the attractant adhered thereto in the seawater.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the object is netting or fish lure.
10. A method of repelling fish that have been imprinted in water with at least one repellant for said fish, said method comprises exposing the imprinted fish to a source of the repellant in water in a sufficient amount to repel the fish.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein exposing the fish to the repellant further includes adhering the repellant to an object and placing said object having the repellant adhered thereto in the water.
12. A method of increasing food consumption of fish, wherein fish are maintained in water, said method comprises:
a. subjecting the fish to at least one PVCR modulator in the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of fish to at least one attractant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing the attractant and an amount of an agent that is sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant; and
c. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, wherein the feed contains a source of nutrition and the attractant used in step b), whereby the attractant causes the imprinted fish to consume the feed.
13. A method of imprinting fish in water with at least one repellant for said fish, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the repellant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, the feed containing an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed; and
c. adding a source of the repellant to the water, whereby the fish are imprinted with the repellant.
14. A method of imprinting fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
15. A method of imprinting fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed;
c. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
d. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
e. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the odorant is a fish attractant or fish repellant.
17. A feed for consumption by anadromous fish in freshwater, wherein the feed comprises:
a. one or more sources of nutrition;
b. an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed;
c. an amount of tryptophan between about 1 and about 10 gmkg; and
d. at least one additional attractant for said fish, wherein the attractant is not tryptophan.
18. The feed of claim 17, wherein the agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish comprises NaCl in an amount between about 10,000 mgkg and about 100,000 mgkg.
19. A method of imprinting anadromous fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding magnesium and calcium to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR being modulated to alter olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of calcium andor magnesium in serum of the anadromous fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the anadromous fish are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted anadromous fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant.
20. A method of imprinting anadromous fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding magnesium and calcium to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
b. adding said odorant to the freshwater, wherein said magnesium and calcium alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
c. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of calcium andor magnesium in serum of the anadromous fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the anadromous fish are imprinted with the odorant;
d. transferring the imprinted anadromous fish to seawater; and
e. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted anadromous fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant.
21. A method of imprinting fish in freshwater with at least one repellant for said fish, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the repellant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, the feed containing an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed; and
c. adding a source of the repellant to the freshwater, whereby the fish are imprinted with the repellant.
22. A method of imprinting marine fish in water to at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted marine fish to react to said odorant in water, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the marine fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the marine fish are imprinted with the odorant; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the water to which the imprinted marine fish are maintained, thereby causing the imprinted marine fish to react to said odorant
wherein the marine fish are selected from the group consisting of Cod, Haddock, Hake, Halibut, Mackerel, Pollock, Sea Bass, Swordfish, Tuna, Winter Flounder, and Summer Flounder.
23. A method of imprinting marine fish in freshwater to at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted marine fish to react to said odorant in seawater, said method comprises:
a. transferring the marine fish to freshwater having at least one PVCR modulator in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the marine fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the marine fish are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted marine fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted marine fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted marine fish to react to said odorant
wherein the marine fish are selected from the group consisting of Cod, Haddock, Hake, Halibut, Mackerel, Pollock, Sea Bass, Swordfish, Tuna, Winter Flounder, and Summer Flounder.
24. A method of imprinting anadromous fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant
wherein the anadromous fish are selected from the group consisting of Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Arctic Char and Rainbow Trout.
25. A method of imprinting anadromous fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, wherein the method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed;
c. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
d. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant
wherein the anadromous fish are selected from the group consisting of Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Arctic Char and Rainbow Trout.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the odorant is a fish attractant or fish repellant.
27. A method for growing anadromous fish by feeding in seawater with at least one attractant for said anadromous fish, wherein the anadromous fish are imprinted in freshwater with the attractant and wherein the anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. transferring the imprinted anadromous fish to seawater; and
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the seawater, said feed containing said attractant and a source of nutrition, thereby causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to the attractant and consume the feed
wherein the anadromous fish are selected from the group consisting of Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Arctic Char and Rainbow Trout.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the anadromous fish are imprinted with the attractant by:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of fish to the odorant; and
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the anadromous fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the anadromous fish are imprinted with the attractant.
29. A method of imprinting salmon in freshwater with at least one odorant for said salmon and causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the salmon to the odorant;
b. adding feed for salmon consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the salmon upon consumption of the feed, whereby the salmon are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted salmon to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted salmon are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant.
30. A method of imprinting salmon in freshwater with at least one odorant for said salmon and causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, wherein the method comprises:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the salmon to the odorant;
b. adding feed for salmon consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the salmon upon consumption of the feed;
c. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the salmon are imprinted with the odorant;
d. transferring the imprinted salmon to seawater; and
e. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted salmon are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant.
31. A method for growing salmon by feeding in seawater with at least one attractant for said salmon, wherein the salmon are imprinted in freshwater with the attractant and wherein the salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. transferring the imprinted salmon to seawater; and
b. adding feed for salmon consumption to the seawater, said feed containing said attractant and a source of nutrition, thereby causing the imprinted salmon to react to the attractant and consume the fee
d.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the salmon are imprinted with the attractant by:
a. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of salmon to the odorant; and
b. adding feed for salmon consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the salmon upon consumption of the feed, whereby the salmon are imprinted with the attractant.
33. A method of imprinting fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one modulator to the freshwater, said modulator is selected from the group consisting of a Type II calcimimetic in an amount between about 0.1 M and about 100 M, a divalent cation in an amount between about 0.5 and about 10.0 mM, a trivalent cation in an amount between about 1 and about 500 M, an aminoglycoside in an amount between about 1 and about 8 gmkg feed, a polyamine in an amount between about 10 M and 10 mM feed, an amino acid in an amount between about 1 and about 10 gmkg feed, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in an amount between about 3,000 and about 10,000 International Unitskg feed;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of an agent sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
c. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
d. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the Type II calcimimetic comprises NPS-R-467 or NPS-R-5681.
35. The method of claim 33, wherein the divalent cation comprises calcium or magnesium.
36. The method of claim 33, wherein the trivalent cation comprises gadolinium.
37. The method of claim 33, wherein the aminoglycoside comprises neomycin or gentamicin.
38. The method of claim 33, wherein the polyamine comprises polyarginine, polylysine, polyhistidine, polyornithine, spermine, cadaverine, putrescine, a copolymer of poly argininehistidine, or a copolymer of poly lysinearginine.
39. The method of claim 33, wherein the amino acid comprises L-Tryptophan L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Alanine, L-Serine, L-Arginine, L-Histidine, L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Aspartic acid, L-Glutamic acid, L-Glycine, L-Lysine, L-Methionine, L-Asparagine, L-Proline, L-Glutamine, L-Threonine, L-Valine, or L-Cysteine.
40. A method of imprinting fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. adding at least one modulator to the freshwater, said modulator is selected from the group consisting of a Type II calcimimetic in an amount between about 0.1 M and about 100 M, a divalent cation in an amount between about 0.5 and about 10.0 mM, a trivalent cation in an amount between about 1 and about 500 M, an aminoglycoside in an amount between about 1 and about 8 gmkg feed, a polyamine in an amount between about 10 M and 10 mM feed, an amino acid in an amount between about 1 and about 10 gmkg feed, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in an amount between about 3,000 and about 10,000 International Units kg feed;
b. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of an agent that is sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed;
c. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
d. transferring the imprinted fish to seawater; and
e. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
41. A method of imprinting a larval fish in water with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant, wherein the fish are maintained in water, said method comprises:
a. when said fish are in the larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant, and
ii. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant; and
b. providing a source of said odorant in the water to which the imprinted fish are either maintained or transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
42. The method of claim 41, after its larval stage, the method further includes repeating steps a)i and a)ii.
43. A method of imprinting a larval fish in water with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant, wherein the fish are maintained in water, said method comprises:
a. when said fish are in the larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the water in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the fish to the odorant, and
ii. adding feed for fish consumption to the water, said feed containing an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the fish upon consumption of the feed; and
iii. adding said odorant to the water, whereby the fish are imprinted with the odorant;
b. providing a source of said odorant in the water to which the imprinted fish are either maintained or transferred, thereby causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant.
44. A method of imprinting anadromous, larval fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said fish and causing the imprinted fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. when said anadromous fish are in the larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the anadromous fish to the odorant, and
ii. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the anadromous fish upon consumption of the feed, whereby the anadromous fish are imprinted with the odorant;
b. after the larval stage, transferring the imprinted anadromous fish to seawater; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted anadromous fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant.
45. A method of imprinting anadromous fish in freshwater with at least one odorant for said anadromous fish and causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. when said anadromous fish are in larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the anadromous fish to the odorant;
ii. adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the anadromous fish upon consumption of the feed; and
iii. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the anadromous fish are imprinted with the odorant;
b. transferring the imprinted anadromous fish to seawater; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted anadromous fish are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted anadromous fish to react to said odorant.
46. The method of claim 45, at a stage after the larval stage and before transfer to seawater, wherein the method further includes repeating steps a)i- a)iii;
47. A method of imprinting larval salmon in freshwater with at least one odorant for said salmon and causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. when said salmon are in the larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the salmon to the odorant, and
ii. adding feed for salmon consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing said odorant and an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the salmon upon consumption of the feed, whereby the salmon are imprinted with the odorant;
b. after the larval stage, transferring the imprinted salmon to seawater; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted salmon are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant.
48. A method of imprinting salmon in freshwater with at least one odorant for said salmon and causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant in seawater, wherein the salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, said method comprises:
a. when said salmon are in larval stage, performing the following steps:
i. adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression andor sensitivity of at least one PVCR, said PVCR modulator being one which alters olfactory sensing of the salmon to the odorant;
ii. adding feed for salmon consumption to the freshwater, said feed containing an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the salmon upon consumption of the feed; and
iii. adding said odorant to the freshwater, whereby the salmon are imprinted with the odorant;
b. transferring the imprinted salmon to seawater; and
c. providing a source of said odorant in the seawater to which the imprinted salmon are transferred, thereby causing the imprinted salmon to react to said odorant.
49. The method of claim 48, at a stage after the larval stage and before transfer to seawater, wherein the method further includes repeating steps a)i-a)iii.