1. A coated abrasive article comprising a backing having a major surface, a tie layer secured to at least a portion of the major surface, an abrasive layer secured to at least a portion of the tie layer, the abrasive layer comprising abrasive particles and at least one binder resin, wherein the tie layer is preparable by at least partially polymerizing an isotropic polymerizable composition comprising at least one polyfunctional aziridine, at least one acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and at least one oligomer having at least two pendant free-radically polymerizable groups, wherein homopolymerization of the oligomer results in a polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 50 degrees Celsius.
2. A coated abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the isotropic polymerizable composition further comprises a curative.
3. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the curative comprises at least one free-radical photoinitiator.
4. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the curative comprises at least one free-radical thermal initiator.
5. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein based on the total weight of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and oligomer having at least two free-radically polymerizable groups, the amount of polyfunctional aziridine is in a range of from 0.5 to 10 percent, and wherein the amount of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is in a range of from 1 to 45 percent.
6. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein based on the total weight of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and oligomer having at least two free-radically polymerizable groups, the amount of polyfunctional aziridine is in a range of from 2 to 4 percent, and wherein the amount of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is in a range or from 2 to 20 percent.
7. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the polyfunctional aziridine is selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane tris3-aziridinyl propionate, trimethylolpropane tris3(2-methyl-aziridinyl)-propionate, trimethylolpropane tris2-aziridinyl butyrate, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, tris(2-methyl-1aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, pentaerythritol tris-3-(1-aziridinyl propionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis-3-(1-aziridinyl propionate), and combinations thereof.
8. A coated abrasive article according to claim 7, wherein the abrasive layer comprises a make layer comprising a first binder resin, wherein the abrasive particles are embedded in the make layer, and a size layer comprising a second binder resin secured to the make layer and the abrasive particles.
9. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl esters of maleic acid, fumaric acid, monoalkyl esters of fumaric acid, itaconic acid, isocrotonic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, and beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, styrene sulfonic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, and combinations thereof.
10. A coated abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the oligomer having at least two pendant free-radically polymerizable groups is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and aromatic urethane (meth)acrylate oligomers, polybutadiene (meth)acrylate oligomer, acrylic (meth)acrylate oligomers, polyether (meth)acrylate oligomers, aliphatic and aromatic polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers, epoxy (meth)acrylate oligomers, and combinations thereof.
11. A coated abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive layer is preparable from components comprising at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer, free-radically polymerizable oligomer, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, aminoplast resin, cyanate resin, or a combination thereof.
12. A coated abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive layer comprises a make layer comprising a first binder resin, wherein the abrasive particles are embedded in the make layer, and a size layer comprising a second binder resin secured to the make layer and the abrasive particles.
13. A coated abrasive article according to claim 12, wherein the abrasive layer further comprises a supersize.
14. A coated abrasive article according to claim 12, wherein the backing comprises a treated backing comprising at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a presize, a backsize, a subsize, and a saturant.
15. A coated abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive particles are dispersed in the binder resin.
16. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the isotropic polymerizable composition further comprises a curative.
17. A coated abrasive article according to claim 16, wherein the curative comprises at least one free-radical photoinitiator.
18. A coated abrasive article according to claim 16, wherein the curative comprises at least one free-radical thermal initiator.
19. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein based on the total weight of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and oligomer having at least two free-radically polymerizable groups, the amount of polyfunctional aziridine is in a range of from 0.5 to 10 percent, and wherein the amount of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is in a range of from 1 to 45 percent.
20. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein based on the total weight of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and oligomer having at least two free-radically polymerizable groups, the amount of polyfunctional aziridine is in a range of from 2 to 4 percent, and wherein the amount of acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is in a range of from 2 to 20 percent.
21. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the polyfunctional aziridine is selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane tris3-aziridinyl propionate, trimethylolpropane tris3(2-methyl-aziridinyl)-propionate, trimethylolpropane tris2-aziridinyl butyrate, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, tris(2-methyl-1aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, pentaerythritol tris-3-(1-aziridinyl propionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis-3-(1-aziridinyl propionate), and combinations thereof.
22. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl esters of maleic acid, fumaric acid, monoalkyl esters of fumaric acid, itaconic acid, isocrotonic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, and beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, styrene sulfonic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, and combinations thereof.
23. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the oligomer having at least two pendant free-radically polymerizable groups is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and aromatic urethane (meth)acrylate oligomers, polybutadiene (meth)acrylate oligomer, acrylic (meth)acrylate oligomers, polyether (meth)acrylate oligomers, aliphatic and aromatic polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers, epoxy (meth)acrylate oligomers, and combinations thereof.
24. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the backing is a treated backing comprising at least one of a presize, a backsize, or a sub-size.
25. A coated abrasive article according to claim 15, wherein the abrasive layer comprises precisely-shaped abrasive composites.
26. A coated abrasive article according to claim 25, wherein the backing comprises polymeric film.
27. A coated abrasive article according to claim 25, wherein the composition further comprises a curative.
28. A method of making a coated abrasive article comprising:
disposing a tie layer precursor on at least a portion of a backing, the tie layer precursor comprising an isotropic composition comprising at least one polyfunctional aziridine, at least one acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and at least one oligomer having at least two pendant free-radically polymerizable groups, wherein homopolymerization of the oligomer results in a polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 50 degrees Celsius; and
at least partially polymerizing the tie layer precursor;
disposing a polymerizable make resin precursor on the at least partially polymerized tie layer precursor;
at least partially embedding abrasive particles in the make resin precursor; and
at least partially polymerizing the make resin precursor.
29. A method according to claim 28, further comprising:
disposing a polymerizable size resin precursor on at least a portion of the at least partially polymerized make resin and abrasive particles; and
at least partially polymerizing the size resin precursor.
30. A method according to claim 28, wherein the backing is a treated backing having at least one treatment secured thereto selected from the group consisting of a presize, a backsize, a sub-size, and a saturant.
31. A method of making a coated abrasive article comprising:
disposing a tie layer precursor on at least a portion of a backing, the tie layer precursor comprising an isotropic composition comprising at least one polyfunctional aziridine, at least one acidic free-radically polymerizable monomer, and at least one oligomer having at least two pendant free-radically polymerizable groups, wherein homopolymerization of the oligomer results in a polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 50 degrees Celsius; and
at least partially polymerizing the tie layer precursor;
disposing a slurry comprising polymerizable binder precursor and abrasive particles on the at least partially polymerized tie layer precursor; and
at least partially polymerizing the binder precursor.
32. A method according to claim 31, wherein the backing is a treated backing having at least one treatment secured thereto selected from the group consisting of a presize, a backsize, a sub-size, and a saturant.
33. A method according to claim 31, further comprising providing a tool having a surface with plurality of precisely-shaped cavities therein, and urging the slurry into at least a portion of the cavities prior to disposing the slurry on the at least partially polymerized tie layer precursor.
34. A method of abrading a workpiece comprising:
providing a coated abrasive article according to claim 1;
frictionally contacting at least a portion of the abrasive layer with at least a portion of a surface of the workpiece; and
moving at least one of the coated abrasive article or the workpiece relative to the other to abrade at least a portion of the surface.
35. A method of abrading a workpiece comprising:
providing a coated abrasive article according to claim 11;
frictionally contacting at least a portion of the size layer with at least a portion of a surface of the workpiece; and
moving at least one of the coated abrasive article or the workpiece relative to the other to abrade at least a portion of the surface.
36. A method of abrading a workpiece comprising:
providing a coated abrasive article according to claim 15;
frictionally contacting at least a portion of the abrasive layer with at least a portion of a surface of the workpiece; and
moving at least one of the coated abrasive article or the workpiece relative to the other to abrade at least a portion of the surface.
37. A method of abrading a workpiece comprising:
providing a coated abrasive article according to claim 25;
frictionally contacting at least a portion of the abrasive layer with at least a portion of a surface of the workpiece; and
moving at least one of the coated abrasive article or the workpiece relative to the other to abrade at least a portion of the surface.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for processing a financial transaction comprising the steps of: associating a multi-card account with a plurality of existing financial accounts;
receiving from the multi-card account cardholder a ranking for the existing financial accounts, wherein the ranking comprises the preferred order for which the existing financial accounts should be accessed to fund the financial transaction;
receiving an authorization request for the financial transaction for the multi-card account comprising an amount of money representing the outstanding balance for the financial transaction; and
determining the existing financial account to pay the outstanding balance for the financial transaction based on the received ranking.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the existing financial account to pay the outstanding balance for the financial transaction based on the received ranking further comprises the steps of:
a) selecting a first existing financial account comprising the highest ranked existing financial account;
b) determining if the selected existing financial account contains available funds or available credit limit equal to or greater than the outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
c) approving the authorization request for the financial transaction if the selected existing financial account contains available funds or available credit limit equal to or greater than the outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
d) otherwise selecting the next highest ranked existing financial account and repeating steps b) through d).
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of declining the authorization request if no ranked existing financial account satisfies step c).
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of receiving from the multi-card account cardholder a ranking for the existing financial accounts further comprising an indication that the multi-card account comprises partial payments.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of determining the existing financial account to fund the financial transaction based on the received ranking further comprises the steps of:
a) selecting a first existing financial account comprising the highest ranked existing financial account;
b) determining the amount of available funds or available credit limit associated with the selected existing financial account;
c) charging the selected existing account an amount of money comprising the lesser of the amount of available funds or available credit limit for the selected existing account and the outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
d) calculating the difference between outstanding balance for the financial transaction and the amount of money charged the selected account at step c), wherein this difference comprises the updated outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
e) if the updated outstanding balance is greater than zero, selecting the next highest ranked existing financial account; p1 f) repeating steps b) through e) as necessary until the updated outstanding balance for the financial transaction equals zero; and
g) approving the authorization request.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of declining the authorization request if the updated outstanding balance fails to reach zero after selecting all ranked existing financial accounts.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the existing financial account to pay the outstanding balance for the financial transaction based on the received ranking comprises the steps of:
determining a category for the financial transaction; and
identifying the existing financial account to pay the outstanding balance based on the category for the financial transaction.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the category comprises a merchant category code.
9. A method for processing a financial transaction comprising the steps of:
a) receiving an authorization request for the financial transaction for the multi-card account comprising an amount of money representing the outstanding balance for the financial transaction, wherein the multi-card account comprises a plurality of existing financial accounts;
b) determining a existing financial account to pay the outstanding balance for the financial transaction based on a ranking, wherein the ranking comprises the preferred order for which the existing financial accounts should be accessed to fund the financial transaction;
c) selecting a first existing financial account comprising the highest ranked existing financial account;
d) determining the amount of available funds or available credit limit associated with the selected existing financial account;
e) charging the selected existing account an amount of money comprising the lesser of the amount of available funds or available credit limit for the selected existing account and the outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
f) calculating the difference between outstanding balance for the financial transaction and the amount of money charged the selected account at step c), wherein this difference comprises the updated outstanding balance for the financial transaction;
g) if the updated outstanding balance is greater than zero, selecting the next highest ranked existing financial account;
h) repeating steps d) through g) as necessary until the updated outstanding balance for the financial transaction equals zero; and
i) approving the authorization request.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of receiving the ranking of existing financial accounts from a cardholder for the multi-card account.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the selection of financial accounts comprise selecting the account based on a category for the financial transaction.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the category comprises a merchant category code.
13. A system for processing a financial transaction comprising:
a managing module, operable to receive a ranking of a plurality of existing financial accounts comprising a multi-card account, wherein the ranking comprises the preferred order for which the existing financial accounts should be accessed to fund the financial transaction; and
a transaction processing module, operable to process an authorization request for a financial transaction associated with a multi-card account, wherein the processing is based on the ranking of the plurality of existing financial accounts.
14. The system of claim 13 further comprising a database module, logically connected to the managing module and the transaction processing module and operable to store the ranking of the plurality of existing financial accounts and further operable to respond to requests from the transaction processing module to determine the stored ranking.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein the transaction processing module is logically connected to one or more third-parties comprising transaction processing parties.
16. A multi-card for purchasing goods or services comprising a plurality of existing financial accounts wherein the plurality of financial accounts comprise a ranking indicating the preferred order for which the existing financial accounts should be accessed to fund the financial transaction.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising an allocation of a single purchase to two or more of the financial accounts.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein a cardholder of the multi-card specifies the ranking.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the ranking comprises different rankings for different categories of goods or services.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein each category comprises a merchant category code.