1. A polymerizable compound of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, or CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 being H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, or alkoxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally substituted by F, and
r is 1, 2 or 3.
2. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein L is F, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2 or OC2F5.
3. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein P is an acrylate, methacrylate, vinyloxy, or propenyl ether.
4. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein Sp and X are each a single bond.
5. A polymerizable compound of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, or CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 being H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1,
Sp is alkylene with 1 to 12 C atoms that is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced, in each case independently from one another, by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or \u2014C\u2550C\u2014, and X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCOO\u2014 or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, or alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are substituted by F, and
r is 1, 2 or 3.
6. A polymerizable compound of formula I1a, I1b, or I1c,
wherein
P is a polymerizable group selected from CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, HS\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HW2N\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, OCN\u2014 and W4W5W6Si\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 and W3 being independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W4, W5 and W6 being independently of each other Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1,
m and n are identical or different integers from 0 to 12, and
p and q are independently of each other 0 or 1,
with the proviso that p is 0 when m is 0 and q is 0 when n is 0.
7. A polymerizable compound according to claim 6, wherein m, n, p and q are 0.
8. A liquid crystal mixture comprising at least one polymerizable compound of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group selected from CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014(O)k1\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HS\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HW2N\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, OCN\u2014 and W4W5W6Si\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 and W3 being independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W4, W5 and W6 being independently of each other Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k1 and k being independently of each other 0 or 1,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, or alkyl, or alkoxy with 1 to 7 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally substituted by F or Cl, and
r is 1, 2 or 3.
9. A liquid crystal mixture according to claim 8, further comprising at least one polymerizable mesogenic or non-mesogenic compound having at least one polymerizable group.
10. An anisotropic polymer or polymer film obtained from a liquid crystal mixture according to claim 8.
11. A liquid crystal display, an optical film, a polariser, a compensator, a beam splitter, a reflective film, an alignment layer, a color filter, a holographic element, a hot stamping foil, a colored image, a decorative or security marking, a liquid crystal pigment, an adhesive, a synthetic resin with anisotropic mechanical properties, a cosmetic composition, a diagnostics agent, a nonlinear optics element, an optical information storage element, a chiral dopant, an electronic device, a field effect transistor, an integrated circuitry element, a thin film transistor, a radio frequency identification tag, a semiconducting component, an organic light emitting diode, an electroluminescent display, a backlight for a liquid crystal display, a photovoltaic device, a sensor device, an electrode material, a battery, a photoconductor, or an electrophotographic recording comprising a compound of claim 1, or a mixture, polymer, or polymer film comprising a compound of claim 1.
12. A liquid crystal display comprising in its active layer a polymerizable compound of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group selected from CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014(O)k1\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HS\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HW2N\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, OCN\u2014 and W4W5W6Si\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 and W3 being independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W4, W5 and W6 being independently of each other Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k1 and k being independently of each other 0 or 1,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, or alkyl, or alkoxy with 1 to 7 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally substituted by F or Cl, and
r is 1, 2 or 3,
or a mixture, polymer, or polymer film, comprising the polymerizable compound of formula I.
13. A liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein the display is a TN, STN, AMD-TN, ECB, VA, PS, PSCT or PDLC display.
14. A polymerizable compound of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, HS\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HW2N\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, or OCN\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 and W3 being independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, or alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are substituted by F, and
r is 2 or 3.
15. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein L is F, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2 or alkoxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are substituted by F.
16. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein
W1 is H, Cl or CH3, andor
W2 is H or methyl, ethyl or n-propyl.
17. A polymerizable compound according to claim 5, wherein P is an acrylate, methacrylate, vinyloxy, or propenyl ether group.
18. A polymerizable compound according to claim 15, wherein P is an acrylate, methacrylate, vinyloxy, or propenyl ether group.
19. A liquid crystal mixture according to claim 8, wherein in the polymerizable compound of formula I, P is an acrylate, methacrylate, vinyloxy, or propenyl ether group.
20. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein L is F, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, or alkoxy with 3 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally substituted by F.
21. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein L is F, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally substituted by F.
22. A polymerizable compound according to claim 1, wherein of formula I
wherein
P is a polymerizable group CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, or CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 being H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond,
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OOC\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
R is P-Sp-X,
R0 is H or alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms,
L is F, or alkyl, or alkoxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, or alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy with 2 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are substituted by F, and
r is 1, 2 or 3.
23. A liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein
P is a polymerizable group CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014,
CH2\u2550CW2\u2014O\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, or CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, with W1 being H, Cl, CN, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W2 being H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, and k is 0 or 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pressure roller for use in a fixing device, the pressure roller comprising:
a core metal;
an elastic layer;
a releasing layer; and
an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other,
wherein the adhesive layer is formed of a silicone rubber and contains monomer electrolyte.
2. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.
3. The pressure roller according to claim 2, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.
4. The pressure roller according to claim 3, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.
5. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 \u03bcm to 40 \u03bcm inclusive.
6. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the silicone rubber is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the silicone rubber.
7. A fixing device comprising:
a heating member; and
a pressure roller including a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, and forming, together with the heating member, a nip portion configured to heat, while pinching and transporting, a recording material carrying a toner image,
wherein the adhesive layer is formed of a silicone rubber and includes monomer electrolyte.
8. The fixing device according to claim 7, further comprising a voltage applying member provided for at least one of the heating member and the pressure roller to apply a voltage to an image on the recording material in a direction to press the image against the recording material.
9. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.
10. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.
11. The fixing device according to claim 10, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.
12. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 \u03bcm to 40 \u03bcm inclusive.
13. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the heating member includes an endless belt.
14. The fixing device according to claim 13, wherein the heating member further includes a heater in contact with an inner surface of the endless belt.
15. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the silicone rubber is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the silicone rubber.
16. A pressure roller for use in a fixing device, the pressure roller comprising:
a core metal;
an elastic layer;
a releasing layer; and
an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other,
wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte, and
wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the adhesive layer is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the adhesive layer.
17. The pressure roller according to claim 16, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.
18. The pressure roller according to claim 17, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.
19. The pressure roller according to claim 18, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.
20. The pressure roller according to claim 16, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 \u03bcm to 40 \u03bcm inclusive.
21. A fixing device comprising:
a heating member; and
a pressure roller including a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, and forming, together with the heating member, a nip portion configured to heat, while pinching and transporting, a recording material carrying a toner image,
wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte, and
wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the adhesive layer is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the adhesive layer.
22. The fixing device according to claim 21, further comprising a voltage applying member provided for at least one of the heating member and the pressure roller to apply a voltage to an image on the recording material in a direction to press the image against the recording material.
23. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.
24. The fixing device according to claim 23, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.
25. The fixing device according to claim 24, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.
26. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 \u03bcm to 40 \u03bcm inclusive.
27. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the heating member includes an endless belt.
28. The fixing device according to claim 27, wherein the heating member further includes a heater in contact with an inner surface of the endless belt.