1. Liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae IA-1 to IA-3
in which
L1 denotes halogen,
R11 to R13, independently of one another, denote unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 15 C atoms, unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 15 C atoms, or cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkenylalkyl, each having up to 15 C atoms, provided that R13 is not unfluorinated alkoxy, and which optionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula IB
in which
\u2003denotes one of the following groups:
R11\u2032 to R14\u2032, independently of one another, denote unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 15 C atoms, unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 15 C atoms, or cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkenylalkyl, each having up to 15 C atoms, and alternatively one of R13\u2032 and R14\u2032 or both also denote H.
2. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein component A comprises one or more compounds of the formula IB which are selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IB-1 and IB-3 to IB-4
wherein L1 and X1 are selected to provide a ring A1 as defined in claim 1 and in which the other parameters have the meanings given in claim 1 under formula IB.
3. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 2, wherein component A comprises one or more compounds of the formula IB-3 andor of the formula IB-4, as indicated in claim 2.
4. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 2, wherein component A comprises one or more compounds of the formula IB-1, as indicated in claim 2, in which X1 denotes H.
5. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 2, wherein component A comprises one or more compounds of the formula IB-1, as indicated in claim 2, in which X1 denotes F.
6. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein, besides a component A, it additionally comprises one or more components selected from the group of the following components B to E:
a strongly dielectrically positive component, component B, which has a dielectric anisotropy of 10 or more,
a strongly dielectrically negative component, component C, which has a dielectric anisotropy having a value of \u22125.0 or less,
a component, component D, which has a dielectric anisotropy in the range from more than \u22125.0 to less than 10.0 and consists of compounds having seven or more five- or six-membered rings, and
a component, component E, which likewise has a dielectric anisotropy in the range from more than \u22125.0 to less than 10.0 and consists of compounds having one to six five- or six-membered rings.
7. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 6, which comprises a component B.
8. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 6, which comprises a component C.
9. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 6, which comprises a component D.
10. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, which further comprises one or more compounds of the formula VI
in which
L61 denotes R61 and, in the case where Z61 andor Z62 denote trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014 or trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014, alternatively also denotes X61,
L62 denotes R62 and, in the case where Z61 andor Z62 denote trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014 or trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014, alternatively also denotes X62,
R61 and R62, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms,
x61 and X62, independently of one another, denote F or Cl, \u2014CN, \u2014NCS, \u2014SF5, fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, or \u2014NCS,
one of Z61 and Z62 denotes trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014, trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014 or \u2014C\u2261C\u2014 and the other, independently thereof, denotes trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014, trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014 or a single bond, and
independently of one another, denote
11. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, which comprises a compound of the formula IB.
12. Process for the preparation of a liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising mixing one or more compounds of the formula IA, as indicated in claim 1, with one or more further compounds andor with one or more additives.
13. Component for high-frequency technology, which contains a liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1.
14. Microwave antenna array, which comprises one or more components according to claim 13.
15. Process for tuning a microwave antenna array, comprising electrically addressing a component according to claim 13.
16. Compound of one of the formulae IA-1 to IA-3:
in which
L1 denotes halogen,
R11 to R13, independently of one another, denote unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 15 C atoms, unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 15 C atoms, or cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkenylalkyl, each having up to 15 C atoms, provided that R13 is not unfluorinated alkoxy.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A honeycomb structure comprising:
a periphery-ground article obtained by grinding an outer peripheral portion of a cell structure where a plurality of honeycomb segments are bonded by means of a bonding layer at an outer wall of each of them, and
an outer peripheral coat layer disposed on an outer peripheral face of the periphery-ground article;
wherein at least one of the bonding layer and the outer peripheral coat layer is formed by the use of honeycomb-forming slurry containing biologically soluble fibers containing a metal oxide capable of extricating a metal ion and an inorganic binder containing a colloidal oxide having modified silica sol, the modified silica sol being manufactured by adding a substance containing amine or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble metalate of an amphoteric metal to silica sol.
2. The honeycomb structure according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic binder has a pH value of 4 to 11 at 25\xb0 C.
3. The honeycomb structure according to claim 1, wherein a silica solid content of the modified silica sol has an average particle diameter of 10 to 80 nm.
4. A honeycomb structure comprising:
a periphery-ground article formed by grinding an outer peripheral portion of a cell structure having a plurality of cells separated and formed by porous partition walls, and
an outer peripheral coat layer disposed on an outer peripheral face of the periphery-ground article;
wherein the outer peripheral coat layer is formed by the use of honeycomb-forming slurry containing biologically soluble fibers containing a metal oxide capable of extricating a metal ion and an inorganic binder containing a colloidal oxide having modified silica sol, the modified silica sol being manufactured by adding a substance containing amine or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble metalate of an amphoteric metal to silica sol.
5. The honeycomb structure according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic binder has a pH value of 4 to 11 at 25\xb0 C.
6. The honeycomb structure according to claim 4, wherein a silica solid content of the modified silica sol has an average particle diameter of 10 to 80 nm.