1. A medium discrimination apparatus comprising:
a plurality of magnetic sensors including
a first magnetic sensor configured
to be in contact with an introduced medium to sense a magnetic component printed on a specific position of the introduced medium, and
to output a first analog signal corresponding to the sensed magnetic component, the first analog signal containing a first noise generated from an internal circuit and a second noise generated from an operation of an actuator, wherein the first and second noises are caused when the medium is transferred, and
a second magnetic sensor configured
to not be in contact with the introduced medium to sense the first noise generated from the internal circuit and the second noise generated from the operation of the actuator without sensing the magnetic component of the introduced medium, and
to output a second analog signal containing the first and second noises;
a differential analogdigital converter configured
to perform a subtraction operation for the first and second analog signals outputted by the first and second magnetic sensors, and
to convert a result signal into one digital signal; and
a controller configured to discriminate whether the introduced medium is genuine or counterfeit according to the digital signal.
2. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
first and second amplifierband-pass filter parts corresponding to the first and second magnetic sensors and configured to amplify the first and second analog signals and filter noises; and
a storage part configured to store a reference value used when genuineness of the medium is discriminated.
3. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reference value is an intensity value of the magnetic component printed on the specific position of the medium.
4. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second magnetic sensors is a magnetic pattern recognition sensor.
5. A medium discrimination method comprising:
introducing a medium;
first sensing, by a first magnetic sensor, a magnetic component, which is printed on a specific position of the introduced medium, said first sensing comprising causing the first magnetic sensor
to be in contact with the introduced medium, and
to output a first analog signal corresponding to the sensed magnetic component, the first analog signal containing a first noise generated from an internal circuit and a second noise generated from an operation of an actuator, wherein the first and second noises are caused when the medium is transferred;
second sensing, by a second magnetic sensor, the first and second noises without sensing the magnetic component of the introduced medium, said second sensing comprising causing the second magnetic sensor
to not be in contact with the introduced medium, and
to output a second analog signal containing the first noise generated from the internal circuit and the second noise generated from the operation of the actuator;
subtracting the first and second analog signals to cancel the first and second noises contained in the first and second analog signals;
converting a result signal of said subtracting into a digital signal; and
determining whether the introduced medium is genuine or counterfeit based on the digital signal.
6. A medium discrimination apparatus comprising:
a plurality of first magnetic sensors, each of which is configured
to be in contact with an introduced medium to sense a magnetic component printed on a specific position of the introduced medium, and
to output a first analog signal corresponding to the sensed magnetic component, the first analog signal containing a first noise generated from an internal circuit and a second noise generated from an operation of an actuator, wherein the first and second noises are caused when the medium is transferred;
a second magnetic sensor configured
to not be in contact with the introduced medium to sense the first noise generated from the internal circuit and the second noise generated from the operation of the actuator without sensing the magnetic component of the introduced medium, and
to output a second analog signal containing the first and second noises;
a subtraction part configured to perform a subtraction operation with respect to the first and second analog signals outputted by the first and second magnetic sensors; and
a medium discrimination part configured to receive a subtracted signal from the subtraction part to discriminate whether the introduced medium is genuine or counterfeit.
7. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 6, wherein the subtraction part includes:
a first interface part configured to receive a first analog signals outputted from the each of the plurality of first magnetic sensors;
a second interface part configured to receive a second analog signal outputted from the second magnetic sensor; and
a differential circuit part configured to perform the subtraction operation with respect to the first and second analog signals.
8. A medium discrimination apparatus comprising:
at least one first sensor configured to make contact with a medium and detecting a magnetic component signal of the medium and a noise signal containing a first noise generated from an internal circuit and a second noise generated from an operation of an actuator, wherein the first and second noises are generated when the medium is transferred;
a second sensor configured not to make contact with the medium to detect a noise signal containing the first noise generated from an internal circuit and the second noise generated from the operation of the actuator without detecting the magnetic component of the introduced medium;
a subtractionextraction part configured to perform a subtraction operation with respect to the noise signal contained in the magnetic component signal detected by the first sensor and the noise signal detected by the second sensor to extract the magnetic component signal;
an analogdigital converter configured to convert the extracted signal into a digital signal; and
a controller configured to discriminate whether the medium is genuine or counterfeit based on the digital signal.
9. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of amplifying parts configured to amplify extraction signals of the first and second sensors, wherein all of the amplifying parts have amplification factors identical to each other.
10. The medium discrimination apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and second sensors are magnetoresistance sensors.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a control module to manage transmission of packets in a channel of a wireless network, said control module to receive real-time information about said channel, said control module to adapt transmission of said packets based on said information;
wherein said control module provides an early warning signal to trigger a channel failure and to control channel switching, and wherein each of said packets is represented by a packet quintuplet, wherein said quintuplet comprises a packet number, a packet length, a timeout period, a packet priority, and a transport protocol associated with said packet, said transport protocol used by said control module to differentiate between reliable and unreliable transport mechanisms and to establish a number of retry transmissions for said packets based on said transport mechanism reliability.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said channel information comprises at least one of a link quality signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) and expected packet error rate (PER) for each modulation and coding scheme.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said packets are assigned a priority and said priority is mapped to an available modulation and coding scheme.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said packets are assigned a priority and said priority is mapped to values of packet retransmission limits, wherein higher priority packets are retried based on available scheduled deadline and wherein lower priority packets are either retried less often or are discarded.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said packets assigned a modulation and coding scheme mapped to a packet error rate associated with said modulation and coding scheme.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control module provides a packet abort signal.
7. A system, comprising:
an antenna; and
a control module to couple to said antenna, said control module to manage transmission of packets in a channel of a wireless network, said control module to receive real-time information about said channel, said control module to adapt transmission of said packets based on said information, wherein said control module provides an early warning signal to trigger a channel failure and to control channel switching;
wherein each of said packets is represented by a packet quintuplet, wherein said quintuplet comprises a packet number, a packet length, a timeout period, a packet priority, and a transport protocol associated with said packet, said transport protocol used by said control module to differentiate between reliable and unreliable transport mechanisms and to establish a number of retry transmissions for said packets based on said transport mechanism reliability.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein said channel information comprises at least one of a link quality signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) and expected packet error rate (PER) for each modulation and coding scheme.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein said packets are assigned a priority and said priority is mapped to an available modulation and coding scheme.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein said packets are assigned a priority and said priority is mapped to values of packet retransmission limits.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein said packets assigned a modulation and coding scheme mapped to a packet error rate associated with said modulation and coding scheme.
12. The system of claim 7, wherein said control module provides a packet abort signal.
13. A method, comprising:
monitoring, at a control module, channel conditions;
receiving, at the control module, information associated with said channel;
receiving, at the control module, a list of pending packets available for transmission, wherein receiving the list of pending packets available for transmission comprises receiving a packet number, packet length, packet timeout, packet priority, and transport protocol for each of the said pending packets;
differentiating, by the control module, between reliable and unreliable transport mechanisms;
establishing, by the control module, a number of retry transmissions for said packets based on said transport mechanism reliability
generating, by the control module, an output signal based on said channel information and said list of pending packets; and
providing, by the control module, an early warning signal to at least one protocol layer to indicate channel failure and to switch transmission to a different channel.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein receiving said channel information comprises receiving statistics related to link quality from at least one of a physical protocol layer and a data link protocol layer.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving said channel information comprises receiving current signal to interference and noise ratio, and a mapping of physical layer packet error rates for each available modulation and coding schemes.
16. The method of claim 13, comprising jointly adapting for packet retransmissions and modulation and coding schemes based on said received information associated with said channel and said received list of pending packets available for transmission.
17. The method of claim 13, comprising providing a packet transmission abort signal to at least one protocol layer when a packet transmission is aborted.
18. An article comprising a machine-readable storage medium containing instructions that if executed enable a system to monitor channel conditions; receive information associated with said channel; receive a list of pending packets available for transmission, wherein receiving the list of pending packets available for transmission comprises receiving a packet number, packet length, packet timeout, packet priority, and transport protocol for each of the said pending packets; differentiate between reliable and unreliable transport mechanisms: establish a number of retry transmissions for said packets based on said transport mechanism reliability; generate an output signal based on said channel information and said list of pending packets, and provide an early warning signal to at least one protocol layer to indicate channel failure and to switch transmission to a different channel.
19. The article of claim 18, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to jointly adapt for packet retransmissions and modulation and coding schemes based on said received information associated with said channel and said received list of pending packets available for transmission.
20. The article of claim 18, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to provide a packet transmission abort signal to at least one protocol layer when a packet transmission is aborted.