1. Compounds of the formulae
wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently of the others, is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, or (v) an alkylaryl group, wherein R1 and R2 can be joined together to form a ring, wherein R3 and R4 can be joined together to form a ring, and wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 can each be joined to a phenyl ring in the central structure, a and b each, independently of the others, is an integer which is 0, 1, 2, or 3, c is an integer which is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, each R5, R6, and R7, independently of the others, is (i) an alkyl group, (ii) an aryl group, (iii) an arylalkyl group, (iv) an alkylaryl group, (v) a halogen atom, (vi) an ester group, (vii) an amide group, (viii) a sulfone group, (ix) an amine group or ammonium group, (x) a nitrile group, (xi) a nitro group, (xii) a hydroxy group, (xiii) a cyano group, (xiv) a pyridine or pyridinium group, (xv) an ether group, (xvi) an aldehyde group, (xvii) a ketone group, (xviii) a carbonyl group, (xix) a thiocarbonyl group, (xx) a sulfate group, (xxi) a sulfide group, (xxii) a sulfoxide group, (xxiii) a phosphine or phosphonium group, (xxiv) a phosphate group, (xxv) a mercapto group, (xxvi) a nitroso group, (xxvii) an acyl group, (xxviii) an acid anhydride group, (xxix) an azide group, (xxx) an azo group, (xxxi) a cyanato group, (xxxii) an isocyanato group, (xxxiii) a thiocyanato group, (xxxiv) an isothiocyanato group, (xxxv) a urethane group, or (xxxvi) a urea group, wherein R5, R6, and R7 can each be joined to a phenyl ring in the central structure,
R8, R9, and R10 each, independently of the others, is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) an alkyl group, (iii) an aryl group, (iv) an arylalkyl group, or (v) an alkylaryl group, provided that the number of carbon atoms in R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R9+R10 is at least about 16, provided that when
at least one of the following of (a), (b), and (c) is true: (a) the number of carbon atoms in R1+R2+R3+R4 is at least about 42, (b) at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a group of the formula
wherein R41 and R42 each, independently of the other, is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, or an alkylaryl group, or (c) at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a branched alkyl group having at least about 19 carbon atoms.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein a, b, and c are each zero.
3. A compound according to claim 1 wherein
4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein
5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein
6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein
7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is an alkyl group.
8. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group.
9. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
10. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is a saturated alkyl group.
11. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is an unsaturated alkyl group.
12. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is a cyclic alkyl group.
13. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is a substituted alkyl group.
14. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group is an unsubstituted alkyl group.
15. A compound according to claim 7 wherein the alkyl group has at least about 18 carbon atoms.
16. A compound according to claim 7 wherein at least one hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, or phosphorus is present in the alkyl group.
17. A compound according to claim 7 wherein no hetero atoms are present in the alkyl group.
18. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is an aryl group.
19. A compound according to claim 18 wherein the aryl group is a substituted aryl group.
20. A compound according to claim 18 wherein the aryl group is an unsubstituted aryl group.
21. A compound according to claim 18 wherein at least one hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, or phosphorus is present in the aryl group.
22. A compound according to claim 18 wherein no hetero atoms are present in the aryl group.
23. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is an arylalkyl group.
24. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the arylalkyl group is a substituted arylalkyl group.
25. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the arylalkyl group is an unsubstituted arylalkyl group.
26. A compound according to claim 23 wherein at least one hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, or phosphorus is present in the arylalkyl group.
27. A compound according to claim 23 wherein no hetero atoms are present in the arylalkyl group.
28. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is an alkylaryl group.
29. A compound according to claim 28 wherein the alkylaryl group is a substituted alkylaryl group.
30. A compound according to claim 28 wherein the alkylaryl group is an unsubstituted alkylaryl group.
31. A compound according to claim 28 wherein at least one hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, or phosphorus is present in the alkylaryl group.
32. A compound according to claim 28 wherein no hetero atoms are present in the alkylaryl group.
33. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are joined together to form a ring.
34. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are joined together to form a ring and wherein R3 and R4 are joined together to form a ring.
35. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is joined to a phenyl ring in the central structure.
36. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the number of carbon atoms in R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R9+R10 is at least about 32.
37. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the number of carbon atoms in R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R9+R10 is at least about 48.
38. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the number of carbon atoms in R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R9+R10 is at least about 72.
39. A compound of the formula
40. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
41. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 11.
42. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
43. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
44. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
45. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
46. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
47. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
48. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
49. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
50. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
51. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
52. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
53. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
54. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
55. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
56. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
57. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
58. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
59. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
60. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
61. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
62. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
63. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n is at least about 12.
64. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n has an average value of at least about 12.
65. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
wherein n has an average value of about 50.
66. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
67. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-12. (canceled)
13. A method of controlling impact from interference from transmission to a 4-branch Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) enabled User Equipment (UE) in a cellular radio system where legacy non-4-branch MIMO UEs co-exist, the method comprising:
determining an estimated Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) delay;
based on the estimated CQI delay, determining if there exists a CQI under-estimation or CQI over-estimation; and
controlling the impact from high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE, based on a determined CQI under-estimation or CQI over-estimation.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling the impact from the high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE is performed by applying a compensation factor to the CQI.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein one set of CQI compensation factors is applied for legacy 2-branch MIMO UEs and another set of CQI compensation factors is applied for legacy non-MIMO UEs.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein controlling the impact from the high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE is performed by controlling the scheduling priority pattern.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the high-rank interference is interference from the 3rd and 4th antennas.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the cellular radio system is a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, WCDMAHigh Speed Packet Access, HSPA, system.
19. A radio base station adapted to control impact from interference from transmission to a 4-branch Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) enabled User Equipment (UE) in a cellular radio system where legacy non 4-branch MIMO UEs co-exist, the radio base station comprising:
controller circuitry for determining an estimated Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) delay;
controller circuitry for determining if there exists a CQI under-estimation or CQI over-estimation, based on the estimated CQI delay; and
controller circuitry for controlling the impact from high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE, based on a determined CQI under-estimation or CQI over-estimation.
20. The radio base station according to claim 19, wherein the radio base station is adapted to control the impact from the high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE by applying a compensation factor to the CQI.
21. The radio base station according to claim 20, wherein the radio base station is adapted to apply one set of CQI compensation factors for legacy 2-branch MIMO UEs and to apply another set of CQI compensation factors for legacy non-MIMO UEs.
22. The radio base station according to claim 19, wherein the radio base station is adapted to control the impact from the high-rank interference from transmission to the 4-branch MIMO enabled UE by controlling the scheduling priority pattern.
23. The radio base station according to claim 19, wherein the high-rank interference is interference from the 3rd and 4th antennas.
24. The radio base station according to claim 19, wherein the cellular radio system is a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) system.