1. Cosmetic compositions comprising
a) from 0,1% to 70% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant
b) from 0,05% to 10% by weight of at least one cationic surfactant of the formula (1)
3
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consiting of (C8-C22)alkyl, (C8-C22)-alkenyl, (C8-C22)-alkylamidopropyl, (C8-C22)alkenylamidopropyl, (C8-C22)-alkoxy-propyl or (C8-C22)-alkenyloxypropyl and
R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of
(C1-C22)-alkyl, (C1-C22)-alkenyl and groups having the formula A(OA)nOH, wherein A is C2H4 andor C3H6 and n is a number from 0 to 20, with the provision that at least one of the radicals R2, R3 and R4 is a group having said formula A(AO)nOH,
and X is an anion, and
c) optionally from 0.1% to 15% by weight of one or more nonionic andor amphoteric surfactants, with the proviso that the surfactants used as component c) are not selected from the group consisting of silicone compounds.
2. Compositions according to claim 1 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of CH3 and groups of the formula A(AO)nOH, wherein A is C2H4 andor C3H6 and n is a number from 0 to 20, with the provision that at least one the radicals R2, R3 and R4 is a group having said formula A(AO)nOH.
3. Compositions according to claim 2 wherein the cationic surfactant of the formula (1) is alkyldimethyl -hydroxyethyl-ammonium chloride.
4. Compositions according to anyone of claims 1 to 3 comprising from 2% to 50% by weight of anionic surfactants and from 0.5% to 8.0% by weight of cationic surfactants of formula (1).
5. Compositions according to anyone of claims 1 to 4 wherein the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, secondary alkane sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates, acyl isocyanates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, isethionates and mixtures thereof .
6. Compositions according to anyone of claims 1 to 5 wherein the nonionic amphoteric surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyalkylene glycols, alkylaryl polyalkylene glycols, alkyldimethyl amine oxides, dialkyl methyl amine oxides, alkylamidopropyl amine oxides, alkyl glucamides, alkyl polyglycosides, oxalkylated fatty acids, oxalkylated fatty acid esters, alkyl amines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl dimethyl betaines and alkyl amphoacetates or -diacetates.
7. Compositions according to claim 6 wherein the amphoteric surfactants are selected from the group consisting of cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium lauroamphoacetate and disodium lauroamphodiacetate.
8. Compositions according to anyone of claims 1 to 7 additionally containing oils, emulsifiers, thickeners, naturals and synthetic polymers, stabilizers, waxes, solubilizers, fillers, acids, bases, buffers, biological active compounds, vitamines natural extracts, UV-absorber, perfumes, perfume carriers, pearlescing agents, dyes, bleaching agents andor other ingredients conventionally used in cosmetic compositions.
9. Compositions according to anyone of claims 1 to 8 which are hair treatment compositions.
10. Compositions according to claim 9 which are shampoos.
11. Shampoos according to claim 10 which are shampoos for african-ethnic hair.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A diagnostic method of determining displacement of an osseous structure underlying soft tissue in response to an indenting force applied to the soft tissue and the osseous structure, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an ultrasonic transducerindenter having indenting surface;
(b) positioning the transducerindenter over a target comprising the osseous structure underlying a layer of soft tissue;
(c) positioning the transducerindenter in contact with the soft tissue, without substantially indenting the soft tissue;
(d) recording a first set of ultrasound data;
(e) moving the transducer towards the osseous structure while measuring the displacement of the transducerindenter;
(f) recording a second set of ultrasound data;
(g) determining the soft tissue compression by comparing the first ultrasound data to the second ultrasound; and
(h) subtracting the soft tissue compression from the total displacement of the transducerindenter to determine osseous displacement.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic transducer is a B mode transducer and soft tissue compression is determined by the following steps:
(a) determining the vertical resolution of the ultrasound images in units of length per pixel;
(b) detecting the upper and lower edges of the soft tissue in the first ultrasound image and in the second ultrasound image and determining the difference in thickness as a number of pixels; and
(c) converting the difference in thickness in pixels to units of length.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic transducer is an A mode transducer and soft tissue compression is determined by determining the thickness of the soft tissue in the first ultrasound image and in the second ultrasound image by measuring the time required for an ultrasound wave to pass through the soft tissue, reflect off the osseous target and return to the transducer and multiplying by the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the soft tissue.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the ultrasound transducer operates at a frequency between about 5 MHz and about 7 MHz.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic transducerindenter is moved by mechanical means.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic transducerindenter is handheld and moved manually.
7. An apparatus for diagnosing a disorder of a musculoskeletal system by determining displacement of an osseous structure underlying soft tissue in response to a load, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a support frame;
(b) an electromechanical actuator attached to the frame and having a thrust tube;
(c) control means associated with the actuator for controlling movement and direction of movement of the thrust tube;
(d) an ultrasonic transducerindenter mounted to the thrust tube;
(e) a load cell mounted between the thrust tube and transducerindenter;
(f) a linear position transducer associated with the actuator for determining the displacement of the thrust tube;
(g) first processing means for analysing ultrasound data taken by the ultrasonic transducerindenter and determining soft tissue thickness and changes in soft tissue thickness; and
(h) second processing means operatively connected to the linear position transducer and to the first processing means for calculating osseous displacement from the displacement of the thrust tube and changes in soft tissue thickness.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said first processing means comprises:
(a) means for determining the vertical resolution of the ultrasound images as units of length per pixel;
(b) means for detecting the upper and lower edges of the soft tissue to determine soft tissue thickness as a number of pixels; and
(c) means for converting the number of pixels to units of length.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the first processing means comprises means for measuring the length of time for an ultrasonic wave to travel from the transducerindenter to the osseous target and reflect back to the transducerindenter and means for calculating the distance between the transducerindenter and the osseous target.
10. A system for diagnosing a disorder of a musculoskeletal system such as the spine by determining displacement of an osseous structure underlying soft tissue, in response to an indentation load, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a handheld ultrasonic transducerindenter which produces and transmits ultrasonic derived data;
(b) a locator device associated with the transducerindenter which communicates with a location sensor;
(c) means associated with the location sensor for determining the location of the transducerindenter and for calculating the displacement of the transducerindenter;
(d) a first processor adapted for receiving and analysing the ultrasound derived data and determining soft tissue thickness and changes in soft tissue thickness; and
(e) a second processor operatively connected to the first processor and the location determining means, said second processor adapted for calculating osseous displacement from the displacement of the transducerindenter and changes in soft tissue thickness.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the ultrasonic transducer is a B mode transducer.
12. The system of claim 10 wherein the ultrasonic transducer is an A mode transducer.
13. The system of claim 10 wherein the location device communicates with the location sensor by wireless means.
14. The system of claim 10 wherein the location determining means, first processor and second processor comprise a single computer.
15. The system of claim 10 further comprising ultrasonic display means for graphically displaying the ultrasonic data.
16. The system of claim 10 wherein the location device and location sensor are optical devices wherein the location sensor optically senses the position of the location device.
17. The system of claim 10 wherein the location device and location sensor are laser devices wherein the location device emits or reflects laser light which is detected by the location sensor.
18. The system of claim 10 wherein the location device and location sensor comprise inertial tracking means and acoustical tracking means.