1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
informing, by a hypervisor of a host machine, a write tracking module of an interest by the hypervisor in a specific memory location associated with a peripheral device that is controlled by a virtual machine (VM) managed by the hypervisor;
receiving, by the hypervisor, notification from the write tracking module that the identified specific memory location has been modified by the peripheral device; and
marking, by the hypervisor, a memory page of the specific identified memory location as dirty in order for the migration of the memory page to be repeated as part of a migration process of the VM to a destination host machine.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the write tracking module is located on the host machine.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking module providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the write tracking module resides in the peripheral device and wherein the hypervisor utilizes a special peripheral communication channel established directly from the hypervisor to the peripheral device to inform the write tracking module of the interest in the memory location without interfering with the VM.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hypervisor retrieves information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from one or more registers of the peripheral device in response to receiving the notification from the write tracking module.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the hypervisor receives information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from the write tracking module directly via the special peripheral communication channel between the hypervisor and the peripheral device.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving notification of initialization of the migration process from a migration agent of at least one of a host controller of the hypervisor or the host machine, wherein the migration agent is responsible for performing the migration of the VM to the destination host machine.
9. A system, comprising:
a processing device;
a memory communicably coupled to the processing device; and
a hypervisor to execute one or more virtual machines (VMs) from the memory that share use of the processing device, the hypervisor configured to:
inform a write tracking module of an interest by the hypervisor in a specific memory location associated with a peripheral device that is controlled by a VM of the one or more VMs;
receive notification from the write tracking module that the identified specific memory location has been modified by the peripheral device; and
mark a memory page of the specific identified memory location as dirty in order for the migration of the memory page to be repeated as part of a migration process of the VM to a destination host machine.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the write tracking module is located on the system and wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking module providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the write tracking module resides in the peripheral device and wherein the hypervisor utilizes a special peripheral communication channel established directly from the hypervisor to the peripheral device to inform the write tracking module of the interest in the memory location without interfering with the VM.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the hypervisor retrieves information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from one or more registers of the peripheral device in response to receiving the notification from the write tracking module.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the hypervisor receives information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from the write tracking module directly via the special peripheral communication channel between the hypervisor and the peripheral device.
15. An article of manufacture comprising a machine-readable storage medium including data that, when accessed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
informing a write tracking module of an interest by a hypervisor of a host machine in a specific memory location associated with a peripheral device that is controlled by a virtual machine (VM) managed by the hypervisor;
receiving notification from the write tracking module that the identified specific memory location has been modified by the peripheral device; and
marking a memory page of the specific identified memory location as dirty in order for the migration of the memory page to be repeated as part of a migration process of the VM to a destination host machine.
16. The article of manufacture of claim 15, wherein the write tracking module is located on the host machine and wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking module providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
17. The article of manufacture of claim 15, wherein the write tracking module resides in the peripheral device and wherein the hypervisor utilizes a special peripheral communication channel established directly from the hypervisor to the peripheral device to inform the write tracking module of the interest in the memory location without interfering with the VM.
18. The article of manufacture of claim 17, wherein receiving notification that the identified specific memory location has been modified further comprises the write tracking providing the notification to the hypervisor each time a direct memory access (DMA) write that targets the memory location has been completed.
19. The article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the hypervisor retrieves information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from one or more registers of the peripheral device in response to receiving the notification from the write tracking module.
20. The article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the hypervisor receives information regarding the DMA write to the memory location from the write tracking module directly via the special peripheral communication channel between the hypervisor and the peripheral device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Book, in particular an album, characterised by two front and back covers which are separate from each other and are joined with a spacing from each other by at least one flat strip-like spine part, the portion of the spine part between the opposing inner edges of the two covers being foldable in the manner of a concertina into a predetermined number of peak folds of the same height, and four respective pages being formed by a centrally folded sheet which has, at the centre along the fold, at least one narrow slotted opening of predetermined length and width for feeding through a peak fold which projects above the slotted opening in at least one sheet at such a height that a narrow, web-like connecting element is configured so as to be insertable through the protruding opening in the peak fold for detachable connection to the book,
wherein a peak fold is configured so as to be insertable through slotted openings in each case in two or more double sheets, positioned one above another, in such a way that a connecting element is configured so as to be insertable through the opening, projecting beyond a quire, in the peak fold for common detachable connection of the quire to the book,
having at least two or more quires characterized in that there are arranged set apart from one another two or more parallel, strip-like spine parts of selected width which jointly interconnect the two covers in the same manner and the portions of the spine parts are each folded between the opposing inner edges of the two covers in the same, concertina-like manner into the same number of peak folds, the mutually opposing peak folds of the strip-like materials each being axially aligned with one another and the quires each having at the centre along their folds, in accordance with the number of spine parts, two or more slotted openings for the feeding-through of axially aligned peak folds, opposing the openings, of the spine parts.
2. Book according to claim 1, characterised in that the spine part or parts are integral with the type areas of the front and back cover or with the outer jacket.
3. Book according to claim 1, characterised in that the web-like connecting element is made of a non-buckling material.
4. Book according to claim 3, characterised in that the connecting element consists of a strip made of metal or plastics material or non-buckling cardboard.
5. Book according to claim 3, characterised in that the connecting element has rounded corners at least at one end.
6. Book according to claim 1, characterised in that one or more pairs of covers are each formed from the front and back covers of a book with in each case one or more connected spine parts per pair of covers having the same or a different number of peak folds and a selected number of double sheets with longitudinal slots, and the associated connecting parts are configured so as to be able to be joined together by hand for making a book with a selectable number of sheets as loose individual parts of a set.
7. Book according to claim 6, characterised in that each pair of covers is configured so as to be assemblable from a loose front and a loose back cover and the loose type areas to be secured on the inside to the two covers or a jacket which is to be secured on the outside and is made of paper or foldable cardboard, which are formed in one piece with the spine parts and their folded peak folds, wherein the number of peak folds can be selected differently for each pair of covers.