1. A composite filtration medium for liquids, comprising a liquid permeable nonwoven fabric substrate, a liquid permeable film layer of polyolefin resin adhered to one surface of the nonwoven fabric substrate and forming one of the exposed surfaces of the filtration medium, and an antimicrobial agent incorporated in the film layer.
2. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the liquid permeable film layer comprises a film of polyolefin resin having a plurality of liquid permeable apertures extending therethrough.
3. The filtration medium of claim 2, wherein the film layer has a basis weight of from 10 to 50 grams per square meter.
4. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial agent is present in the film layer at a concentration of from 0.01% to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the film layer.
5. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,4,4\u2032-trichloro-2-hydroxy diphenol ether and 5-chloro-2-phenol (2,4 dichlorophenoxy) compounds.
6. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the liquid permeable nonwoven fabric substrate forms the opposite surface of the composite filtration medium.
7. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the liquid permeable nonwoven fabric substrate comprises a spunbond nonwoven fabric formed from substantially continuous thermoplastic polymer filaments bonded to one another to form a strong coherent fabric.
8. The filtration medium of claim 7, wherein the spunbond nonwoven fabric has a basis weight of 12 to 204 grams per square meter.
9. The filtration medium of claim 1, wherein the liquid permeable nonwoven fabric substrate has a thickness of 0.4 to 0.9 mm and an air permeability of from 150 to 270 cfmft2min.
10. The filtration medium of claim 1 wherein said composite medium has an air permeability of at least 150 cfmft2min.
11. A composite filtration medium for liquids, comprising a liquid permeable spunbond nonwoven fabric substrate formed of continuous filaments, a liquid permeable apertured film layer of polyethylene resin bonded to one surface of the nonwoven fabric substrate and forming one of the exposed surfaces of the composite filtration medium, and an antimicrobial agent incorporated in the film layer.
12. The filtration medium of claim 11, wherein the substantially continuous filaments of the nonwoven fabric substrate include polyester filaments of a trilobal cross-section.
13. A composite filtration medium for liquids, comprising a liquid permeable spunbond nonwoven fabric substrate having a basis weight of from 12 to 204 grams per square meter, a thickness of from 0.4 to 0.9 millimeters, and formed of continuous filaments bonded to one another, a liquid permeable polyethylene film layer bonded to one surface of the nonwoven fabric substrate and forming one of the exposed surfaces of the composite filtration medium, the film layer having a multiplicity of apertures formed therethrough to render the film layer liquid permeable, the apertures defining an open area of at least 25% of the surface area of the film layer, and an antimicrobial agent incorporated in the film layer.
14. The filtration medium of claim 13, wherein the substantially continuous filaments of the nonwoven fabric substrate include polyester filaments of a trilobal cross-section.
15. The filtration medium of claim 14, wherein the film layer has an open area of 35% or greater.
16. The filtration medium of claim 13, wherein the antimicrobial agent is present in the film layer at a concentration of from 0.01% to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the film layer.
17. A filter element for pools or spas comprising the filtration medium of claim 1.
18. The filter element of claim 17, which has a generally cylindrical configuration about a central axis and wherein the filtration medium is formed into pleats which extend parallel to the cylindrical axis, and wherein said film layer is oriented outwardly.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A solid state laser pumping module including a plate-shaped thin solid state laser medium, a reflecting means formed on a plane surface of said thin solid state laser medium, a cooling means bonded to said reflecting means, a pumping source for providing pumping light to said thin solid state laser medium, laser light being incident upon a laser light incidence surface which is opposite to said reflecting means, characterized in that said thin solid state laser medium is a plate whose at least a part on a side of said reflecting means has an active material doped thereinto, a plate-shaped non-doped medium is disposed on another plane surface of said thin solid state laser medium which is opposite to said plane surface of said thin solid state laser medium on which said reflecting means is disposed, and said two plates are optically bonded to each other.
2. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 1, characterized in that said module has a pumping surface via which the pumping light is introduced into a side surface of said plate-shaped thin solid state laser medium, and said pumping light propagates through said thin solid state laser medium and pumps said thin solid state laser medium while being reflected between said reflecting means disposed on said thin solid state laser medium and said laser light incidence surface.
3. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 2, characterized in that said pumping surface is formed at a certain angle with respect to a direction of normal to said reflecting means, and the pumping light emitted out of said pumping source has an optical axis which is substantially parallel to the normal to said pumping surface.
4. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 2, characterized in that either of diffusion bonding, optical contact, and a ceramic manufacturing means is used as a means for bonding the plate whose at least a part on a side of said reflecting means has an active material doped thereinto to the plate-shaped non-doped medium disposed on the other plane surface of said thin solid state laser medium which is opposite to said plane surface of said thin solid state laser medium on which said reflecting means is formed.
5. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane surfaces of said thin solid state laser medium are inclined with respect to each other.
6. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of said pumping surfaces are arranged on a side surface of said thin solid state laser medium, and a plurality of pumping sources for outputting pumping light to said plurality of pumping surfaces, respectively are arranged.
7. The solid state laser pumping module according to claim 1, characterized in that said active material of said thin solid state laser medium is Yb.