1. A method for controlling transmit power of a Cognitive Radio (CR) device, comprising:
acquiring CR environment information regarding a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupying an adjacent channel or an adjacent cell of the CR device;
determining a transmit power value of the CR device using the CR environment information; and
generating transmit power control information comprising the transmit power value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the CR environment information is acquired by at least one of a geolocation function, a database function, a spectrum sensing function, and a cognition pilot channel function.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CR environment information comprises at least one of user existencenonexistence information, user type information, user number information, and user frequency position information.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining a transmit power value of the CR device using the CR environment information comprises:
decreasing the transmit power value when a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining a transmit power value of the CR device using the CR environment information comprises:
determining the transmit power value, when a licensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell, to be smaller than or equal to a value when an unlicensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting transmit power of the CR device using the transmit power control information.
7. An apparatus for controlling transmit power of a CR device, comprising:
an information acquisition unit configured to acquire CR environment information regarding a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupying an adjacent channel or an adjacent cell of the CR device;
a power determination unit configured to determine a transmit power value of the CR device using the CR environment information; and
an information generation unit configured to generate transmit power control information comprising the transmit power value.
8. A method for controlling transmit power of a CR device, comprising:
acquiring at least one of CR environment information regarding a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupying an adjacent channel or an adjacent cell of the CR device, transmission scheme information regarding the CR device, and signal quality information regarding the CR device;
determining a transmit power value of the CR device using at least one of the CR environment information, the transmission scheme information, and the signal quality information; and
generating transmit power control information comprising the transmit power value.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the CR environment information is acquired by at least one of a geolocation function, a database function, a spectrum sensing function, and a cognition pilot channel function.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the CR environment information comprises at least one of user existencenonexistence information, user type information, user number information, and user frequency position information.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the transmission scheme information comprises at least one of modulation scheme information regarding the CR device and coding scheme information regarding the CR device.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein said determining a transmit power value of the CR device using at least one of the CR environment information, the transmission scheme information, and the signal quality information comprises:
decreasing the transmit power value when a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein said determining a transmit power value of the CR device using at least one of the CR environment information, the transmission scheme information, and the signal quality information comprises:
determining the transmit power value, when a licensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell, to be smaller than or equal to a value when an unlicensed user occupies the adjacent channel or the adjacent cell.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein said determining a transmit power value of the CR device using at least one of the CR environment information, the transmission scheme information, and the signal quality information comprises:
determining the transmit power value, when the CR device uses a high-order modulation scheme, to be larger than a value when the CR device uses a low-order modulation scheme.
15. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adjusting transmit power of the CR device using the transmit power control information.
16. An apparatus for controlling transmit power of a CR device, comprising:
an information acquisition unit configured to acquire at least one of CR environment information regarding a licensed user or an unlicensed user occupying an adjacent channel or an adjacent cell of the CR device, transmission scheme information regarding the CR device, and signal quality information regarding the CR device;
a power determination unit configured to determine a transmit power value of the CR device using at least one of the CR environment information, the transmission scheme information, and the signal quality information; and
an information generation unit configured to generate transmit power control information comprising the transmit power value.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A static mixer device, comprising:
a conduit comprising an upper mixing chamber, a swirl chamber, a lower mixing chamber and a diverter chamber;
a cap; and
a diffuser plate;
the upper mixing chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet and an axial centerline in a longitudinal direction of main stream flow;
the swirl chamber having a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet being in fluid communication with the first outlet of the upper mixing chamber;
the lower mixing chamber having a third inlet and a downwardly directed third outlet and an axial centerline in the longitudinal direction of main stream flow, the third inlet of the lower mixing chamber being in fluid communication with the second outlet of the swirl chamber;
a plurality of baffles arranged within the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, wherein the plurality of baffles are shaped and arranged for subdividing a flow of an additive material against a plurality of portions of an internal perimeter of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, and for redirecting the subdivided flow of the additive material to the axial centerline of the upper and lower mixing chambers to form a single direction mixing vortex axial to the centerline of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber;
the diverter chamber having sidewalls provided at a lower end of the conduit below the lower mixing chamber, the diverter chamber having a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet, the fourth inlet being in fluid communication with the third outlet of the lower mixing chamber and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the main stream flow of the lower mixing chamber, and the fourth outlet comprising a plurality of slits in the diverter chamber sidewalls, the slits being radially arranged relative to the axial direction of the lower mixing chamber;
the cap having a bottom wall and one or more cap sidewalls, the cap being connected to a lower portion of the diverter chamber, and the cap sidewalls spaced from the diverter chamber and having a height that extends upwardly at least approximately to a height of the plurality of slits to overlap the slits and define an annular region between inner surfaces of the cap sidewalls of the cap and outer walls of the diverter chamber;
the diffuser plate being spaced from an upper edge of the cap to define a discharge area, the diffuser plate extending radially from the conduit to define a surface which overlaps the entire annular opening defined by an upper edge of the cap and the conduit, the diffuser plate being generally parallel to the upper edge of the cap.
2. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the swirl chamber has an internal passageway adapted to rotate fluid as it travels from the inlet of the swirl chamber to the outlet of the swirl chamber.
3. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser plate is located a sufficiently close distance above the upper edge of the cap for the diffuser plate to divert fluid discharged from the annular region.
4. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser plate is located about 0.25 to about 2 inches above the upper edge of the cap.
5. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser plate extends radially from a lower portion of the lower mixing chamber, wherein the diffuser plate includes an annular area having a predetermined diameter.
6. The static mixer device according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of an annular area of the diffuser plate to the discharge area defined by the space from the upper portion of the cap to the diffuser plate generally ranges from about 1:0.7-3.
7. The static mixer device according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of an annular area of the diffuser plate to the discharge area defined by the space from the upper portion of the cap to the diffuser plate generally ranges from about 1:0.8-2.
8. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the baffles are arranged as a baffle pair in each of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, and wherein each baffle pair is arranged in one of a generally sinusoidal pattern or a saw-tooth pattern.
9. The static mixer device according to claim 8, wherein each baffle pair comprises a plurality of segments arranged to form a series of peaks and valleys such that a first baffle of the baffle pair has a series of peaks and valleys that are opposite of a series of peaks and valleys of a second baffle of the baffle pair.
10. The static mixer device according to claim 8, further comprising a pair of circular ends respectfully connected to the baffle pair at opposite ends, the circular ends being positioned substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the baffle pairs, and each of the pair of circular ends having an axial hole concentrically aligned in a longitudinal direction of the baffle pair.
11. The static mixer device according to claim 10, wherein a first end of the pair of circular ends has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of a second end of the pair of circular ends.
12. The static mixer device according to claim 8, wherein a position of baffles in the baffle pair arranged in the lower mixing chamber is opposite to a position of baffles in the baffle pair arranged in the upper mixing chamber so as to reverse a rotation of fluid as the fluid passes from the upper mixing chamber to the lower mixing chamber.
13. The static mixer device according to claim 1, further comprising a tank that houses the upper mixing chamber, swirl chamber and lower mixing chamber, and the tank further comprising a drain valve arranged at a lower portion of the tank and a mixed fluid outlet port.
14. The static mixer device according to claim 13, wherein the mixed fluid outlet port is arranged near an upper portion of the tank to permit an upward flow of mixed fluid to exit the tank.
15. The static mixer device according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser plate is located about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches above the upper edge of the cap.
16. A sandtrap device comprising:
a tank;
a fluid outlet port arranged at an upper portion of the tank;
a drain port arranged at a lower portion of the tank;
a conduit comprising a mixing chamber and a diverter chamber inserted into the tank;
a cap; and
a diffuser plate;
the mixing chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet and an axial centerline in a longitudinal direction of main stream flow;
a plurality of baffles arranged within the mixing chamber, wherein the plurality of baffles are shaped and arranged for subdividing a flow of an additive material against a plurality of portions of an internal perimeter of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, and for redirecting the subdivided flow of the additive material to the axial centerline of the upper and lower mixing chambers to form a single direction mixing vortex axial to the centerline of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber;
the diverter chamber having sidewalls provided at a lower end of the conduit below the mixing chamber, the diverter chamber having a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet being in fluid communication with the first outlet of the mixing chamber and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the main stream flow of the mixing chamber, and the second outlet comprising a plurality of slits in the diverter chamber sidewalls, the slits being radially arranged relative to the axial direction of the mixing chamber;
the cap having a bottom wall and one or more cap sidewalls, the cap being connected to a lower portion of the diverter chamber, and the cap sidewalls spaced from the diverter chamber and having a height that extends upwardly at least approximately to a height of the plurality of slits to overlap the slits and define an annular region between inner surfaces of the cap sidewalls of the cap and outer walls of the diverter chamber;
the diffuser plate being spaced from an upper edge of the cap to define a discharge area, the diffuser plate extending radially from the conduit to define a surface which overlaps the entire annular opening defined by an upper edge of the cap and the conduit, the diffuser plate being generally parallel to the upper edge of the cap;
wherein a length of the conduit within the tank chamber is approximately one-half to two thirds of a height of the tank.
17. The sandtrap according to claim 16, wherein a ratio of an annular area of the diffuser plate to the discharge area defined by the space from the upper portion of the cap to the diffuser plate generally ranges from about 1:0.7-3.
18. The sandtrap device according to claim 16, wherein a ratio of an annular area of the diffuser plate to the discharge area defined by the space from the upper portion of the cap to the diffuser plate generally ranges from about 1:0.8-2.
19. The sandtrap device according to claim 16, wherein the diffuser plate is located about 0.25 to about 2 inches above the upper edge of the cap.
20. A method for mixing a first liquid material and an additive material in the static mixing device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
passing a first liquid material and an additive material through an upper mixing chamber, a swirl chamber, a lower mixing chamber and a diverter chamber of a conduit in a tank;
the upper mixing chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet and an axial centerline in a longitudinal direction of main stream flow;
the swirl chamber having a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet being in fluid communication with the first outlet of the upper mixing chamber;
the lower mixing chamber having a third inlet and a downwardly directed third outlet and an axial centerline in the longitudinal direction of main stream flow, the third inlet of the lower mixing chamber being in fluid communication with the second outlet of the swirl chamber;
a plurality of baffles arranged within the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, wherein the plurality of baffles are shaped and arranged for subdividing a flow of the first material and the additive material against a plurality of portions of an internal perimeter of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber, and for redirecting the subdivided flow of the first material and the additive material to the axial centerline of the upper and lower mixing chambers to form a single direction mixing vortex axial to the centerline of the upper mixing chamber and the lower mixing chamber to form a mixed stream;
discharging the mixed stream from the lower mixing chamber downwardly into the diverter chamber;
discharging the mixed stream from the diverter chamber laterally through slits, radially arranged in sidewalls of the diverter chamber relative to the axial direction of the lower mixing chamber, into an annular region defined between outer walls of the diverter chamber and inner sidewalls of a cap and passing the mixed stream upwardly through the annular region, the cap having a bottom wall and the cap sidewalls, the cap being connected to a lower portion of the diverter chamber, and the cap sidewalls spaced from the diverter chamber and having a height that extends upwardly at least approximately to a height of the plurality of slits to overlap the slits and define an annular region between inner surfaces of the cap sidewalls of the cap and outer walls of the diverter chamber;
the mixed stream discharging from the annular region and being diverted by a diffuser plate spaced from an upper edge of the cap to define a discharge area, the diffuser plate extending radially from the conduit to define a surface which overlaps the entire annular opening defined by an upper edge of the cap and the conduit, the diffuser plate being generally parallel to the upper edge of the cap;
discharging the mixed stream from the discharge area such that the mixed stream has centrifugal motion when the mixed stream discharges from the discharge area and contacts the material in the tank; and
receiving the mixed material from an exit port of the tank arranged to receive the mixed stream as the mixed stream rotates upward in the tank.
21. A method for separating solids from liquid in the sandtrap device of claim 16, comprising:
passing a feed stream comprising liquid and solids through a conduit comprising a mixing chamber and a diverter chamber inserted into a tank, the mixing chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet and an axial centerline in a longitudinal direction of main stream flow;
passing the feed stream through a plurality of baffles arranged within the mixing chamber, wherein the plurality of baffles are shaped and arranged for subdividing a flow of the feed stream against a plurality of portions of an internal perimeter of the mixing chamber, and for redirecting the subdivided flow of the feed stream to the axial centerline of the mixing chamber to form a single direction mixing vortex axial to the centerline of the mixing chamber;
downwardly discharging the feed stream into a diverter chamber having sidewalls provided at a lower end of the conduit below the mixing chamber, the diverter chamber being in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the main stream flow of the mixing chamber,
discharging the feed fluid from the diverter chamber laterally through slits, radially arranged in sidewalls of the diverter chamber relative to the axial direction of the lower mixing chamber, into an annular region defined between outer walls of the diverter chamber and inner sidewalls of a cap and passing the mixed stream upwardly through the annular region, the cap having a bottom wall and the cap sidewalls, the cap being connected to a lower portion of the diverter chamber, and the cap sidewalls spaced from the diverter chamber and having a height that extends upwardly at least approximately to a height of the slits to overlap the slits and define an annular region between inner surfaces of the cap sidewalls of the cap and outer walls of the diverter chamber;
the feed stream discharging from the annular region and being diverted by a diffuser plate spaced from an upper edge of the cap to define a discharge area, the diffuser plate extending radially from the conduit to define a surface which overlaps the entire annular opening defined by an upper edge of the cap and the conduit, the diffuser plate being generally parallel to the upper edge of the cap;
discharging the feed stream from the discharge area such that the feed stream has centrifugal motion to separate at least a portion of the solids from the liquid in the feed stream when the feed stream discharges from the discharge area and contacts the material in the tank to produce a liquid product stream; and
receiving the liquid product stream from a fluid outlet port of the tank arranged at an upper portion of the tank to receive the liquid product stream as the liquid product stream rotates upward in the tank;
receiving the separated solids from a drain port arranged at a lower portion of the tank;
wherein a length of the conduit within the tank chamber is approximately one-half to two thirds of a height of the tank.