1. A photoconductor coated with a surface protection layer comprising a cured material of a fluorine-containing photo-curing composition containing fluorinated alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a photopolymerization initiator, the surface protection layer having a fluorine atom content of 8.5 to 20% by mass.
2. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the fluorinated alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate is represented by the following general formula (1):
wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon(s), and X is an alkylene chain that may have hetero atoms or a linkage group represented by the following general formula (2):
(wherein Y is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, m and n are integers of 1 to 4 that may be identical or different, and Rf1 is a fluorinated alkyl group), and Rf is a fluorinated alkyl group.
3. The photoconductor according to claim 2, wherein X in the general formula (1) is an alkylene group represented by the following general formula (3):
\u2014(CH2)p\u2014Zq\u2014(CH2)r\u2014\u2003\u2003(3)
wherein Z is NR (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NR\u2014SO2 (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), p is an integer of 0 to 4, q is 0 or 1, r is an integer of 0 to 20, and 1\u2266p+r\u226620.
4. The photoconductor according to claim 2, wherein X in the general formula (1) is a linkage group represented by the general formula (2) wherein Rf1 is CnF2n+1 (n is an integer of 1 to 20) or an alkylene chain represented by the general formula (3) wherein Z is NR (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NR\u2014SO2 (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), p is 1, q is 1, and r is an integer of 0 to 19, and further Rf in the general formula (1) is CnF2n+1 that is identical with or different from Rf1 (n is an integer of 1 to 20).
5. The photoconductor according to claim 2, wherein X in the general formula (1) is a linkage group represented by the general formula (2) wherein Y is a sulfur atom and the carbon number n of Rf1 is 4, 6 or 8 or an alkylene chain represented by the general formula (3) wherein Z is NR (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon(s)), a sulfur atom or NR\u2014SO2 (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon(s)), and further the number of carbons n of Rf in the general formula (1) is 4, 6 or 8.
6. The photoconductor according to claim 2, wherein the fluorinated alkyl-containing (meth)acrylate is a compound obtained by subjecting a compound (a1) having more than or equal to three (meth)acryloyl groups to a Michael-addition reaction with a compound represented by the following formula (4):
Rf\u2014(CH2)r\u2014Z\u2014H\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein r is an integer of 0 to 20, and Rf is CnF2n+1 (n is an integer of 1 to 20), and Z is NR (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NR\u2014SO2 (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s)), or a compound (a2) represented by the following general formula (5):
wherein Y is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, m and n are integers of 1 to 4 that may be identical or different, and Rf and Rf1 are CnF2n+1 (n is an integer of 1 to 20) that may be identical or different at a ratio of 1 mol of the compound (a1) to 1.0 to (k-2) mol of the compound (a2) wherein k is an average number of (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule of the compound (a1).
7. The photoconductor according to claim 6, wherein the compound (a2) is a compound represented by the general formula (4) wherein Z is NR (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon(s)), a sulfur atom or NR\u2014SO2 (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon(s)), and the number of carbons n in Rf is 4, 6 or 8, or a compound represented by the general formula (5) wherein Y is a sulfur atom and the respective numbers of carbons n in Rf and Rf1 are 4, 6 or 8.
8. The photoconductor according to claim 6, wherein the compound (a1) having more than or equal to three (meth)acryloyl groups is a compound (a1-1) represented by the following general formula (6):
wherein R1 is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon(s), an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 24 carbon(s), CH2\u2550CHCO2CH2\u2014, CH2\u2550C(CH3)CO2CH2\u2014, a (poly)oxyalkylene group having a number of cycles of more than or equal to 1 and closed at the terminal thereof by a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon(s), or an alkylol group having 1 to 12 carbon(s), and R2 is a (meth)acryloyl group, a compound (a1-2) represented by the following general formula (7):
wherein R2 is a (meth)acryloyl group, R3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 18 carbon(s), m is an integer of 3 to 6, n is an integer of 0 to 3, and further m+n=6, urethane (meth)acrylate (a1-3), cyanurate ring-containing tri(meth)acrylate (a1-4), or tri(meth)acrylate phosphate (a1-5).
9. The photoconductor according to claim 6, wherein the compound (a1) having more than or equal to three (meth)acryloyl groups is a compound represented by the general formula (6) wherein R1 is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon(s), CH2\u2550CHCO2CH2\u2014, CH2\u2550C(CH3)CO2CH2\u2014, or an alkylol group having 1 to 3 carbon(s), a compound represented by the general formula (7) wherein R3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkylcarbonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon(s) or urethane (meth)acrylate obtained by allowing hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate having more than or equal to two (meth)acryloyl groups to react with isocyanate compounds having an alicyclic structure.
10. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the contact angle of soybean oil on the surface protection layer of the photoconductor is 60\xb0 to 90\xb0.
11. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductor is used for a liquid developing system.
12. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductor is an amorphous silicon photoconductor.
13. The photoconductor according to claim 12, wherein the surface protection layer of the amorphous silicon photoconductor has a thickness of 0.2 to 1.5 \u03bcm.
14. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductor is an organic photoconductor.
15. The photoconductor according to claim 14, wherein the binder of the organic photoconductive layer of the organic photoconductor is a polycarbonate resin and positively chargeable.
16. The photoconductor according to claim 14, wherein the surface protection layer of the organic photoconductor has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 \u03bcm.
17. The photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing photo-curing composition contains fluorine resin fine particles.
18. A photoconductor cartridge incorporating a photoconductor coated with a surface protection layer comprising a cured material of a fluorine-containing photo-curing composition containing fluorinated alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a photopolymerization initiator, the surface protection layer having a fluorine atom content of 8.5 to 20% by mass.
19. An image-forming apparatus incorporating a photoconductor coated with a surface protection layer comprising a cured material of a fluorine-containing photo-curing composition containing fluorinated alkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and a photopolymerization initiator, the surface protection layer having a fluorine atom content of 8.5 to 20% by mass, and further incorporating developing means for developing electrostatic latent images formed on the photoconductor by means of a positively chargeable liquid developing agent containing vegetable oil as a carrier liquid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for exchanging data relating to an electronic transaction between a third entity and a second entity, comprising:
(a) receiving at a gateway of a first entity a transaction offer message from the third entity, the transaction offer message indicative of the electronic transaction and including at least an identifier of the electronic transaction, an identifier of the third entity, and an identifier of the second entity;
(b) performing, by a device of the first entity, one or more processing steps on at least the transaction offer message including at least creating an offer message, the offer message indicative of the electronic transaction and including at least a description of the electronic transaction, an identifier of the gateway of the first entity, and the identifier of the second entity;
(c) dispatching the offer message to the second entity;
(d) receiving a response message from the second entity, the response message including at least an indicator of acceptance or rejection of the electronic transaction and a Personal Identification Number (PIN) code; and
(e) dispatching a response notification message to the third entity, the response notification message including at least aspects of the response message.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second entity is a mobile device.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the identifier of the second entity is a telephone number.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the third entity is a financial establishment.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of the gateway of the first entity is selected by the first entity from a list of prearranged identifiers.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the list of prearranged identifies consists of telephone numbers.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the offer message is a Short Message Service (SMS) message.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the response message is a SMS message.