1. An electrical connector comprising:
a base plate defining a tongue plate; and
a pair of terminal modules, each terminal module comprising a plurality of terminals and an insulative housing inserted molding with the terminals; wherein a pair of concave portions are formed on opposite sides of the tongue plate, said two terminal modules are set in the two concave portions respectively, an insulative shell is injection molded over outer sides of the terminal modules and commonly forms a mating plate together with the tongue plate, the terminals define contacting portions exposed to two opposite surfaces of the mating plate.
2. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein each terminal module defines at least one first injection hole for injecting insulating material of the insulative shell therein.
3. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 2, wherein each concave portion of the tongue plate defines at least one second injection hole for injecting insulating material of the insulative shell therein, said at least one first injection hole communicates to the second injection hole in a thickness direction of the electrical connector.
4. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 3, wherein each insulative housing defines a bottom surface abutting on the concave portion, said bottom surface defines at least one retaining post extending therefrom, the concave portion defines at least one retaining hole to receive said retaining post, said retaining hole runs through the tongue plate.
5. The electrical connector as claimed in claims 4, wherein the insulative housing defines an upper surface opposite to the bottom surface, the contacting portions of the terminals protrudes out of the upper surface of the insulative housing.
6. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate defines a pair of mounting portions located on opposite sides of a rear side of the tongue plate, each terminal module defines a front plate, a rear plate and a pair of protruding portions located on opposite sides of the terminal module in a lateral direction, said protruding portions abut on the rear side of the tongue plate, the front plate and rear plate are retained in the concave portion and two opposite mounting portions respectively.
7. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein each concave portion defines a pair of first wall portions and a second wall portion, said two first wall portions are located on opposite sides of the concave portion in the lateral direction and the second wall portion which extends between said two first wall portions is located at a front side of the concave portion, said second wall portion and insulative shell combine together to form the mating plate.
8. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate is inserted molding with metal material.
9. A method of manufacturing an electrical connector comprising steps of:
providing a base plate with a pair of concave portions located on opposite sides thereof respectively;
providing a pair of terminal modules and each terminal module comprising a plurality of terminals and an insulative housing inserted molding with the terminals;
assembling the terminal module to the concave portions of the base plate; and
providing insulating material and injection molding the insulating material on an outer side of the terminal module, said insulating material flows into the concave portion and cladding around the terminal module to forms an insulative shell, said insulative shell and base plate combining together to form a mating plate, the terminals defining contacting portions exposed to outer surfaces of the mating plate.
10. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 9, wherein each terminal module defines a row of first injection holes for injecting the insulating material of the insulative shell.
11. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base plate defines a tongue plate and the concave portion is formed on the tongue plate, said concave portion defines a row of second injection holes running through the tongue plate, and at least one of the first injection holes communicating with one of second injection holes in a thickness direction of the electrical connector, said insulating material of the insulative shell injects into the first injection hole and second injection hole simultaneously.
12. An electrical connector comprising:
a metallic base having a tongue plate defining opposite upper and lower surfaces thereon in a vertical direction;
an upper terminal module positioned upon the upper surface and including a upper insulative housing with a plurality of upper contacts embedded therein and side by side arranged with one another along a transverse direction perpendicular to said vertical direction;
a lower terminal module positioned upon the lower surface and including a lower insulative housing with a plurality of lower contacts embedded therein and side by side arranged with one another along said transverse direction;
said upper terminal module and said lower terminal module commonly sandwiching the tongue plate therebetween in the vertical direction to form an intermediate assembly; and
an insulative cover overmolded upon said intermediate assembly; wherein the cover forms a complete exterior surface of a whole mating tongue of said electrical connector along a front-to-back direction perpendicular to both said vertical direction and said transverse direction.
13. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of said upper terminals and said lower terminals includes a raised and thickened contacting section, around a front end region, extending into a corresponding window in the mating tongue of said insulative cover and exposed to an exterior in the vertical direction in a coplanar manner with a corresponding exterior surface of said mating tongue.
14. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 12, wherein said base further includes a pair of mounting portions located around a rear end of said tongue plate and spaced from each other in said transverse direction with therebetween a space accommodating a rear portion of said upper terminal module and a rear portion of said lower terminal module.
15. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 14, wherein said rear portion of the upper terminal module and the rear portion of the lower terminal module are stacked with each other in the vertical direction.
16. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tongue plate further defines in said vertical direction a pair of opposite concave portions in which the upper surface and the lower surface are formed, respectively.
17. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 14, wherein each of said mounting portions forms a through hole therein.
18. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 14, wherein the insulative cover forms a circumferential portion behind the mating tongue to circumferentially surround the base.
19. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 12, wherein said tongue plate further includes a pair of wall portions at opposite ends of the corresponding concave portion in said transverse direction, and an exterior surface of said pair of wall portions cooperate with the exterior surface of the insulative cover in a coplanar manner to commonly form a complete mating tongue in the transverse direction.
20. The electrical connector as claimed in claim 19, wherein each of said wall portions defines therein a retaining recess recessed in the vertical direction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A speed control apparatus of a synchronous reluctance motor comprising:
a rectifier for receiving an AC power and rectifying it to a DC power;
an inverter for receiving a DC power to an AC power and supplying it to a synchronous reluctance motor;
a detecting unit for operating an induction voltage generated by detecting a current and a voltage supplied to the synchronous reluctance motor and the estimated induction voltage generated from the current, and generating an estimated angular velocity of the synchronous reluctance motor; and
a controller for receiving the estimated angular velocity and the velocity command value inputted by a user and controlling the speed of the synchronous reluctance motor through the inverter.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detecting unit comprises:
a current detecting unit for detecting a current flowing between the rectifier and the inverter and generating currents corresponding to d axis and q axis of a rotor;
a voltage detecting unit for detecting a voltage supplied from the inverter to the synchronous reluctance motor and generating a voltage corresponding to d axis and q axis of the rotor; and
an estimated angular velocity operating unit for receiving the current corresponding to d axis and q axis and the voltage corresponding to d axis and q axis and operating the estimated angular velocity.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the current detecting unit comprises:
a current detector for detecting a current flowing between the rectifier and the inverter;
a phase current converter for receiving the detected current and converting it to three phase currents; and
a coordinate converter for receiving and detecting the three phase currents and converting them to currents corresponding to d axis and q axis.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the phase current converter comprises:
a first mutliplexer for receiving the detected current and outputting positive three phase currents (ia, ib, ic) according to a pulse width modulation state;
a second multiplexer for outputting negative three phase currents (ia, ib, ic);
a first low pass filter for receiving the positive three phase currents and canceling a noise; and
a second low pass filter for receiving the negative three phase currents and canceling a noise.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the voltage detecting unit comprises:
a voltage detector for detecting a voltage supplied from the inverter to the synchronous reluctance motor;
a voltage converter for receiving the signal detected from the voltage detector and converting it to two phase voltages; and
a coordinate converter for receiving the two phase voltages and generating voltages corresponding to d axis and q axis.
6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the estimated angular velocity operating unit comprises:
an induction voltage operator for receiving currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and the voltages corresponding to d axis and q axis and generating induction voltages;
an estimated induction voltage generator for receiving the currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and the previous estimated angular velocity, and generating an estimated induction voltage; and
an estimated velocity generator for receiving the induction voltages and the estimated induction voltage, and generating an estimated angular velocity.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the estimated induction voltage generator comprises:
an inductance operator for receiving the currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and the previous estimated angular velocity and operating inductances corresponding to d axis and q axis; and
an estimated induction voltage operator for receiving inductances corresponding to d axis and q axis and operating the estimated induction voltage.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the estimated velocity generator comprises:
a comparator for receiving the induction voltage and the estimated induction voltage and generating an error induction voltage; and
a proportional integral controller for receiving the error induction voltage and generating an estimated angular velocity.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a magnetic flux operator for receiving the estimated angular velocity, operating a magnetic flux, and outputting it to the current detecting unit.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detecting unit generates the estimated angular velocity by using the difference of reluctances corresponding to d axis and q axis of the rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the reluctance is generated when the rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor is rotated.
12. A speed control method of a synchronous reluctance motor comprising the steps of:
detecting a current supplied to a synchronous reluctance motor;
detecting a voltage supplied to the synchronous reluctance motor;
operating an induction voltage generated by operating the detected current and an estimated induction voltage generated from the current, and
generating an estimated angular velocity of the synchronous reluctance motor; and controlling the speed of the synchronous reluctance motor according to the estimated angular velocity and a velocity command value inputted by a user.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein, in the step of detecting a current, currents corresponding to d axis and q axis of the rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor are detected.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein, in the step of detecting a voltage, voltages corresponding to d axis and q axis of the rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor are detected.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of generating an estimated angular velocity comprises:
operating currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and voltages corresponding to d axis and q axis of the rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor and generating an induction voltage;
operating the currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and the previous estimated angular velocity, and generating an estimated induction voltage; and
operating the induction voltage and the estimated induction voltage, and generating an estimated angular velocity.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of generating an estimated induction voltage comprises:
operating the currents corresponding to d axis and q axis and the previous estimated angular velocity, and operating inductances corresponding to d axis and q axis; and
receiving the operated d axis and q axis and operating an estimated induction voltage.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of generating an estimated angular velocity comprises:
operating the induction voltage and the estimated induction voltage and generating an error induction voltage; and
proportionally integrating the error induction voltage.