1460949765-7442fb9e-bf07-4363-abdb-2d7b5c002658

What is claimed is:

1. A method of monitoring the operating state of a burner flame, said method comprising the steps of:
obtaining data on the operating state of the burner flame; and
analyzing the data with symbol sequence techniques to determine the operating state of the burner flame.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising computing a temporal irreversibility function from the data.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising changing the operating state of the burner flame.
4. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the data is obtained by a sensor.
5. The method of claim 4 in which the sensor is a optical scanner.
6. The method of claim 5 in which the scanner is an infrared scanner.
7. The method of claim 4 in which the sensor is a pressure transducer or a acoustical transducer.
8. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising processing the data.
9. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising storing the data.
10. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a edge lifting flame.
11. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a sporadic lifting flame.
12. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a unsteady fuel feed flame.
13. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a optimal flame.
14. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is correlated to the AF ratio of the burner flame.
15. The method of claim 3 in which the operating state of the burner flame is changed to an optimal flame.
16. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the operating state of the burner flame is correlated to the primary aircoal ratio of the burner flame.
17. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the burner flame is a low NOx coal flame.
18. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 in which the burner flame is an oil flame.
19. The method of claim 1 in which the operating state of the burner flame is converted into a symbol sequence histogram.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising storing the symbol sequence histogram.
21. The method of claim 19 in which the symbol sequence histogram is compared with a library of symbol sequence histograms to determine the operating state of the burner flame.
22. The method of claim 2, further comprising storing the temporal irreversibility function
23. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising communicating the operating state of the burner flame to a display.
24. The method of claim 2, wherein the temporal irreversibility function is a time delay function, a time delay and symbolic function or a symbolic function.
25. An apparatus for monitoring the operating state of the burner flame comprising:
a sensor that provides data on the operating state of the burner flame; and
a computer coupled to the sensor that performs symbol sequence analysis on the data to determine the operating state of the burner flame.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the computer calculates a temporal irreversibility function from the data.
27. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 further comprising a control unit coupled to the computer that changes the operating state of the burner flame.
28. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the sensor is a optical scanner.
29. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the scanner is an infra red scanner.
30. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the sensor is a pressure transducer.
31. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the sensor is a acoustical transducer.
32. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 further comprising a data storage unit coupled to the computer.
33. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the burner flame is a low NOx coal flame.
34. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the burner flame is an oil flame.
35. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is converted into a symbol sequence histogram.
36. The apparatus of claim 35 further comprising storing the symbol sequence histogram.
37. The apparatus of claim 35 in which the symbol sequence histogram is compared with a library of symbol sequence histograms to determine the operating state of the burner flame.
38. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 further comprising a display coupled to the computer that exhibits the operating state of the burner flame.
39. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a sporadic lifting flame.
40. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a unsteady fuel feed flame.
41. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is a optimal flame.
42. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is correlated to the AF ratio of the burner flame.
43. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is changed to an optimal flame.
44. The apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26 in which the operating state of the burner flame is correlated to the primary aircoal ratio of the burner flame.
45. The method of claim 26, wherein the temporal irreversibility function is a time delay function, a time delay and symbolic function or a symbolic function.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A light source device, comprising:
a substrate having an upper surface;
a plurality of first light-emitting diode (LED) chips disposed on the upper surface and electrically connected to the substrate, wherein each of the first LED chips comprises a first chip substrate, a first semiconductor layer, and a plurality of first electrodes; and
at least one second LED chip disposed on the upper surface and electrically connected to the substrate, wherein the second LED chip comprises a second chip substrate, a second semiconductor layer, and a plurality of second electrodes, and a thickness of the second chip substrate is different from than a thickness of the first chip substrate.
2. The light source device as recited in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second chip substrate is greater than the thickness of the first chip substrate.
3. The light source device as recited in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the second chip substrate is between a magnitude of 1 and 1+Scot(\u03b82)d\u2033 of the thickness of each of the first chip substrates, wherein S is a spacing of each of the first LED chips and the second LED chip, d\u2033 is a thickness of the first chip substrate, and \u03b8 is a beam angle of each of the first LED chips.
4. The light source device as recited in claim 1, wherein a first distance is between a top surface of each of the first LED chips away from the upper surface of the substrate and the upper surface, a second distance is between a top surface of the second LED chip away from the upper surface of the substrate and the upper surface, and the second distance is different from each of the first distances.
5. The light source device as recited in claim 4, wherein the first distance is D1, the second distance is D2, where D1 and D2 satisfy the following formula:
D1<D2<D1\xb71+Scot(\u03b82)d;

wherein S is a spacing of each of the first LED chips and the second LED chip, d is a thickness of a first chip substrate of each first LED chip distance, and \u03b8 is a beam angle of each of the first LED chips.
6. The light source device as recited in claim 1, wherein the first LED chips are flipped on the substrate.
7. The light source device as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one second LED chip is flipped on the substrate.
8. A light source device, comprising:
a substrate having an upper surface;
a plurality of first light-emitting diode (LED) chips disposed on the upper surface and electrically connected to the substrate; and
at least one second LED chip disposed on the upper surface and electrically connected to the substrate, wherein a thickness of the at least one second LED chip is different from than a thickness of each of the first LED chips.
9. The light source device as recited in claim 8, wherein each of the first LED chips comprises a first chip substrate, a first semiconductor layer, and a plurality of first electrodes, the second LED chip comprises a second chip substrate, a second semiconductor layer, and a plurality of second electrodes, and a thickness of the second chip substrate is different from a thickness of the first chip substrate.
10. The light source device as recited in claim 9, wherein the thickness of the second chip substrate is greater than the thickness of the first chip substrate.
11. The light source device as recited in claim 10, wherein the thickness of the second chip substrate is between a magnitude of 1 and 1+Scot(\u03b82)d\u2033 of the thickness of each of the first chip substrates, wherein S is a spacing of each of the first LED chips and the second LED chip, d\u2033 is a thickness of the first chip substrate, and \u03b8 is a beam angle of each of the first LED chips.
12. The light source device as recited in claim 8, wherein a first distance is between a top surface of each of the first LED chips away from the upper surface of the substrate and the upper surface, a second distance is between a top surface of the second LED chip away from the upper surface of the substrate and the upper surface, and the second distance is different from each of the first distances.
13. The light source device as recited in claim 12, wherein the first distance is D1, the second distance is D2, where D1 and D2 satisfy the following formula:
D1<D2 <D1\xb71+Scot(\u03b82)d;