1. An image forming apparatus for forming a superposed image by transferring an image formed on an image carrier to an intermediate image transfer belt, said image forming apparatus comprising:
a plurality of belt position sensors configured to sense a position of the intermediate image transfer belt in a direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt each, said plurality of belt position sensors being located between rollers over which said intermediate image transfer belt is passed at positions different from each other in said direction of movement in a plane of said intermediate image transfer belt; and
a displacement calculator configured to produce a difference between sensed values output by said plurality of belt position sensors at a plurality of any belt positions of the intermediate image transfer belt and then sequentially add said difference to a difference between sensed values output from said plurality of belt position sensors at belt positions different from said any belt positions for thereby determining a displacement of said intermediate image transfer belt in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein nearby belt position sensors are spaced from each other by a distance which is an integral multiple of a pitch of measurement points arranged on the intermediate image transfer belt, and said displacement calculator adds a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to any one of said measurement points to a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to another measurement point upstream of said one measurement point in the direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said belt position sensors each are located at or near a particular position where a contact member assigned to the intermediate image transfer belt faces said intermediate image transfer belt.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of marks are provided on the intermediate image transfer belt at a preselected distance which is an integral multiple of a distance between nearby belt position sensors, and a sampling signal of each of said belt position sensors is initialized every time said belt position sensor senses each of said marks.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein an image formation start position in a main scanning direction is varied in accordance with a displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt calculated by said displacement calculator.
6. An image forming apparatus for forming a superposed image on an intermediate image transfer belt by transferring images formed on a plurality of image carriers to said intermediate image transfer belt one above the other, said image forming apparatus comprising:
a plurality of belt position sensors configured to sense a position of the intermediate image transfer belt in a direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt each, said plurality of belt position sensors being located at or near positions where said image carriers and said intermediate image transfer belt contact each other; and
a displacement calculator configured to determine a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to a plurality of any belt positions of said intermediate image transfer belt and sequentially add consecutive difference to a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to other belt positions different from said plurality of any belt positions beforehand for thereby determining a displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein a plurality of marks are provided on the intermediate image transfer belt at a preselected distance which is an integral multiple of a distance of nearby belt position sensors, and a sampling signal of each of said belt position sensors is initialized every time said belt position sensor senses each of said marks.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein an image formation start position in a main scanning direction is varied in accordance with a displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt calculated by said displacement calculator.
9. An image forming apparatus for forming a superposed color image on an intermediate image transfer belt, which makes one turn, by transferring images formed on a plurality of image carriers to said intermediate image transfer belt one above the other, said image forming apparatus comprising:
a plurality of belt position sensors configured to sense a position of the intermediate image transfer belt in a direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt each, said plurality of belt position sensors being located at or near positions where said image carriers and said intermediate image transfer belt contact each other;
a displacement calculator configured to determine a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to a plurality of any belt positions of said intermediate image transfer belt and sequentially add consecutive differences to a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to other belt positions different from said plurality of any belt positions beforehand for thereby determining a displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt; and
a controller configured to control an image formation start position in a main scanning direction on each image carrier via a respective writing unit in accordance with the displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt determined with respect to said each image carrier.
10. An image forming apparatus for forming a superposed color image on an intermediate image transfer belt, which makes a plurality of turns, by transferring images formed on a plurality of image carriers to said intermediate image transfer belt one above the other, said image forming apparatus comprising:
a plurality of belt position sensors configured to sense a position of the intermediate image transfer belt in a direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt each, said plurality of belt position sensors being located at or near positions where said image carriers and said intermediate image transfer belt contact each other;
a displacement calculator configured to determine a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to a plurality of any belt positions of said intermediate image transfer belt and sequentially add consecutive difference to a difference between values output from said belt position sensors with respect to other belt positions different from said plurality of any belt positions beforehand for thereby determining a displacement of the intermediate image transfer belt in a direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of said intermediate image transfer belt;
a storage configured to store displacements of the intermediate image transfer belt determined by said displacement calculator when said intermediate image transfer belt completes one turn; and.
a controller configured to control an image transfer start position in the main scanning direction in accordance with the displacements stored in said storage.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A biosensor comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
a plurality of DNA strands disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
a circuit electrically connected to the first electrode, the circuit including a thin film transistor that includes an organic polymer.
2. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including an inverter circuit.
3. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including a plurality of inverter circuits that are electrically connected in a ring.
4. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including a FIFO element.
5. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including a plurality of FIFO elements that are electrically connected in a ring.
6. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including an asynchronous oscillator circuit.
7. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including an insulator region including an organic material.
8. The biosensor according to claim 1, the circuit including an interconnection including a conductive organic material.
9. The biosensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a counter electrically connected to the circuit.
10. The biosensor according to claim 9, further comprising:
a timer electrically connected to the counter.
11. The biosensor according to claim 10, the counter being configured to count an oscillation cycle of the circuit during a count period determined by a clock signal received from the timer.
12. The biosensor according to claim 9, further comprising:
a register block that is configured to store a count number provided by the counter.
13. The biosensor according to claim 12, further comprising:
a microcontroller that is configured to process the count number stored in the register block.
14. A biosensor comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
a plurality of DNA strands disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
a circuit electrically connected to the first electrode, the circuit including a thin film transistor that includes a semiconductor organic material, the circuit including an insulator region including an insulator organic material, the circuit including an interconnection including a conductive organic material.
15. A biosensor comprising:
an electrode;
a plurality of DNA strands disposed on the electrode; and
a circuit electrically connected to the electrode, the circuit including a thin film transistor that includes a semiconductor organic material.