1. A process for selectively hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds in a nitrile rubber, this being a copolymer of an \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated nitrile and a conjugated diene and optionally at least one further copolymerizable monomer, comprising subjecting the nitrile rubber which is present in bulk form to a hydrogenation in the absence of any organic solvent and in the presence of an unsupported platinum-group metal containing catalyst, wherein the platinum group metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium and platinum, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature in the range of from 20 to 60\xb0 C.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein a palladium salt of a carboxylic acid is used as catalyst.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein a palladium salt of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid is used.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein a palladium salt of acetic acid, formic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, succinic acid, stearic acid, phthallic acid, propionic acid, or benzoic acid is used.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst is used in an amount in the range of from 20 to 25,000 ppm.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the catalyst is used in an amount in the range of from 500 to 10,000 ppm, based on the polymer to be hydrogenated.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein a copolymer of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and optionally at least one further copolymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of an \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, an \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, an ester and an amide thereof is subjected to hydrogenation.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and a third monomer selected from the group consisting of fumaric acid, maleic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate is subjected to hydrogenation.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out at a hydrogen pressure of from 0.1 to 20 MPa.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature in the range of from (24+\u22122\xb0 C.) to 51\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a fuser assembly operative to fuse print media;
a thickness sensor operative to sense a print media thickness; and,
a controller operative to control a fusing control parameter based at least in part upon the print media thickness sensed by the thickness sensor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, the thickness sensor being a multi-feed sensor located upstream from the fuser assembly.
3. The apparatus of claim 1,
the fuser assembly comprising a heat source, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising heat power applied to the heat source.
4. The apparatus of claim 1,
the fuser assembly comprising a heat source, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising a temperature setpoint for a temperature related to fusing in the fuser assembly.
5. The apparatus of claim 1,
the fuser assembly comprising a fusing nip and a loading mechanism operative to establish a fusing force in the fusing nip, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising the fusing force.
6. An apparatus, comprising:
a fusing nip comprising at least one heated roller and operative to fuse print media;
a thickness sensor operative to sense a print media thickness; and,
a controller operative to vary heating of the at least one heated roller based at least in part upon the print media thickness sensed by the thickness sensor and in advance of the print media reaching the fusing nip.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, the controller being operative to regulate a fusing temperature of the at least one heated roller according to a fusing setpoint temperature; the controller being operative to increase the fusing setpoint temperature in response to an increase in the print media thickness.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, the controller being operative to regulate a fusing temperature of the at least one heated roller according to a fusing setpoint temperature; the controller being operative to decrease the fusing setpoint temperature in response to a decrease in the print media thickness.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, the controller being operative to increase heating power in response to an increase in the print media thickness.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, the controller being operative to decrease heating power in response to a decrease in the print media thickness.
11. The apparatus of claim 6, the fusing nip comprising a heated roller, the controller being operative to increase heating power to the heater roller in response to an increase in the print media thickness.
12. The apparatus of claim 6, the fusing nip comprising a heated roller, the controller being operative to decrease heating power to the heater roller in response to a decrease in the print media thickness.
13. The apparatus of claim 6, the thickness sensor being a multi-feed sensor located upstream from the fuser assembly.
14. A process, comprising:
fusing print media;
sensing a print media thickness with a thickness sensor; and,
controlling a fusing control parameter based at least in part upon the print media thickness sensed by the thickness sensor.
15. The process of claim 14, comprising fusing the print media with a fusing assembly, the thickness sensor being located upstream from the fuser assembly.
16. The process of claim 14, comprising fusing the print media with a fusing assembly, the thickness sensor being a multi-feed sensor located upstream from the fuser assembly.
17. The process of claim 14,
the fuser assembly comprising a heat source, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising heat power applied to the heat source.
18. The process of claim 14,
the fuser assembly comprising a heat source, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising a temperature setpoint for a temperature related to fusing.
19. The process of claim 14,
comprising a fusing nip and a loading mechanism operative to establish a fusing force in the fusing nip, the at least one fusing control parameter comprising the fusing force.
20. The process of claim 14,
the controller being operative to establish a heating power for the heat source dependent upon a print media thickness.