1. An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising a nonaqueous solvent, a lithium salt and a compound represented by the following general formula (Z):
R\u2014SO2\u2014Ar1\u2014O\u2014R1\u2003\u2003(Z)
wherein Ar1 denotes a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 5 to 30 atoms of the nucleus(es); R1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having a perfluoroalkyl group and having 2 to 22 carbon atoms.
2. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (1):
wherein Ar1 denotes a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 5 to 30 atoms of the nucleus(es); R1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and m denotes a natural number of 2 to 16, and p denotes an integer of 0 to 6.
3. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the Ar1 is a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 8 to 20 atoms of the nucleus(es).
4. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the Ar1 is a group selected from the group consisting of a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a terphenylene group and an anthranylene group.
5. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous solvent is a mixed solvent of two or more solvents.
6. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solution is a gelatinized electrolyte solution.
7. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising:
an electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1;
a positive electrode comprising one or more materials selected from the group consisting of materials capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions, as a positive electrode active substance; and
a negative electrode comprising one or more materials selected from the group consisting of materials capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions and metallic lithium, as a negative electrode active substance.
8. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the positive electrode comprises a lithium-containing compound as the positive electrode active substance.
9. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 8, wherein the lithium-containing compound comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of metal oxides containing lithium and metal chalcogenides containing lithium.
10. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of metallic lithium, carbon materials, and materials containing an element capable of forming an alloy with lithium, as the negative electrode active substance.
11. A fluoroalkane derivative represented by the following general formula (Z):
R\u2014SO2\u2014Ar1\u2014O\u2014R1\u2003\u2003(Z)
wherein Ar1 denotes a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 5 to 30 atoms of the nucleus(es); R1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having a perfluoroalkyl group and having 2 to 22 carbon atoms.
12. The fluoroalkane derivative according to claim 11, being represented by the following general formula (1):
wherein Ar1 denotes a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 5 to 30 atoms of the nucleus(es); R1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and m denotes a natural number of 2 to 16, and p denotes an integer of 0 to 6.
13. The fluoroalkane derivative according to claim 11, wherein the Ar1 is a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 8 to 20 atoms of the nucleus(es).
14. The fluoroalkane derivative according to claim 11, wherein the Ar1 is a condensed ring having one or more aromatic hydrocarbon rings, or a group having a plurality of aromatic rings connected by a single bond(s), one or more of the aromatic rings being an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
15. The fluoroalkane derivative according to claim 11, wherein the Ar1 is a group selected from the group consisting of a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a terphenylene group and an anthranylene group.
16. A gelling agent comprising a fluoroalkane derivative according to claim 11.
17. The gelling agent according to claim 16, wherein the Ar1 is a substituted or nonsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 8 to 20 atoms of the nucleus(es).
18. The gelling agent according to claim 16, wherein the Ar1 is a group selected from the group consisting of a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a terphenylene group and an anthranylene group.
19. A gelatinous composition comprising a gelling agent according to claim 16, and a nonaqueous solvent.
20. An electrode for an electrochemical device, comprising a gelling agent according to claim 16.
21. An electrolyte solution for a dye-sensitized solar battery, comprising a gelling agent according to claim 16.
22. A carbon dioxide-absorbing composition comprising a gelling agent according to claim 16, and an ionic liquid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A composition comprising, separately or together, a choline kinase inhibitor and a second component selected from the group of an alkylating agent and a ligand for a death receptor.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the choline kinase inhibitor is a compound as defined in Table 1.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the alkylating agent is a platinum-based compound.
4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the platinum-based compound is cisplatin.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the ligand for the death receptor is TRAIL, a functionally equivalent variant thereof or a small mimic compound thereof.
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
7. A method for the treatment of cancer comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a composition according to any of claims 1 to 5.
8. A method as defined in claim 7 wherein the cancer is non small cell lung cancer or colon cancer.
9. Method to increase the sensitivity of a tumor cell to a choline kinase inhibitor comprising contacting said cell with an alkylating agent or a ligand for a death receptor.
10. Method for the identification of cancer patients resistant to the therapy with ChoK inhibitors comprising determining the levels of acid ceramidase in a sample from said patient wherein the patient is identified as being resistant to ChoK inhibitors when the acid ceramidase levels in said sample are higher than a reference sample.
11. Method according to claim 10 wherein the sample is a tumor sample.
12. Method for selecting a personalised therapy for a patient suffering from cancer comprising determining the levels of acid ceramidase in a sample from said patient wherein if the expression levels of acid ceramidase in said sample are higher than in the reference sample, the patient is candidate for being treated with a combination of a ChoK inhibitor and an acid ceramidase inhibitor.
13. Method as defined in claim 12 wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer.
14. Method for the identification of compounds capable of increasing the therapeutic effect of a ChoK inhibitor for the treatment of cancer comprising the steps of
(i) contacting a tumor cell showing resistance to ChoK inhibitors with a candidate compound and
(ii) determining in said cell the levels of acid ceramidase
wherein if the levels of acid ceramidase or acid ceramidase activity in the cell after having being treated with a candidate compound are lower than before the treatment, then the candidate compound is considered to be able to increase the effect of ChoK inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.