What is claimed is:
1. A compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts, comprising:
44
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein only one of R, R and R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2 and the others of R, R and R each independently comprise H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises C(CH3)2, CH2 or CH(CH3),
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises O, NH or N-alkyl,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises CCH or CC,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises 0 to 1 of a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms.
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar comprises an aromatic ring having 5 or 6 ring members or a heteroaromatic ring having 5 or 6 ring members.
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar comprises one of the structures:
45
and,
the Ar aromatic ring structure comprises 0 to 3 heteroatoms as ring members;
R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 each independently comprise H, OH, NH2, halogen, N3, NO2, NCS, C(halogen)3, CHO, OAc, OCH3, OC2H5, CH2OH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2CH2OH, CN, C(O)CH3, COOH, COOCH3, COOC2H5, COOCH(CH3)2, NHCOCH3, SCH3, SC2H5, NHCH3, CH2NH2, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C2H3, ethynyl, alkoxy, alkylmercapto, alkylamino, di-alkylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl or methylene dioxy or a substituent group.
9. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar comprises 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-morpholinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-thiomorpholinyl, 1-, 2- or 3- azetidinyl, 1-, or 2-piperazinyl, 2- or 3-tetrahydrofuranyl; or any above group substituted on any available ring carbon thereof by alkyl; or any above group unsubstituted on one or more nitrogen atoms, or any above group substituted on one or more nitrogen atoms independently by an alkyl, benzyl, lower-alkoxybenzyl or benzhydryl group; adamantyl; a carbocyclic ring, a substituted carbocyclic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a substituted bicyclic ring, a heterobicyclic ring, a substituted heterobicyclic ring, a polycyclic ring, a substituted polycyclic ring, a heteropolycyclic ring or a substituted heteropolycyclic ring.
10. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar comprises:
46
G comprises H, OH, NH2, halogen, N3, NO2, NCS, CF3, CHO, OAc, OCH3, OC2H5, CH2OH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2CH2OH, CN, C(O)CH3, COOH, COOCH3, COOC2H5, COOCH(CH3)2, NHCOCH3, SCH3, SC2H5, NHCH3, CH2NH2, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C2H3, ethynyl, alkoxy, alkylmercapto, alkylamino, di-alkylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl or methylene dioxy.
11. A pharmaceutical preparation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
47
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
12. The pharmaceutical preparation of claim 11 wherein only one of R, R and R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2 and the others of R, R and R each independently comprise H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group.
13. The pharmaceutical preparation of claim 11, wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
14. A method of stimulating a cannabinoid receptor in an individual or animal comprising administering to the individual or animal a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
48
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
16. A method of selectively stimulating CB2 cannabinoid receptors in an individual or animal comprising administering to the individual or animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
49
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
18. A method of treating a condition comprising administering to an individual or animal having the condition a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
50
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
20. A method of providing a physiological response in an individual or animal comprising administering to the individual or animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
51
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
22. A method of treating a condition selected from central and peripheral pain, neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, Alzheimer’s disease; mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression, endotoxic shock, hypotensive shock; or of modulating appetite; or of modulating the immune system; or of reducing fertility; or of treating diseases associated with motor function such as Tourette’s syndrome; or of treating inflammation; or of providing neuroprotection; or of suppressing memory; or of producing peripheral vasodilation; or of treating epilepsy, glaucoma, nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy or nausea associated with Aids wasting syndrome comprising administering to an individual or animal having the condition a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound at least one compound of formula I below, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
52
wherein,
the A ring atoms of compound formula I comprise carbon and 0 to 2 nitrogen heteroatoms;
Ar is an aromatic ring, an aromatic ring comprising at least one substituent group, a heteroaromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring comprising 1 to 5 substituent groups, a heterocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one substituent group;
R comprises H, OH, OCH3, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R comprises H, OH, alkoxy, OCH2CH2OH, alcohol, NH2, PO3H, OPO3H, OSO3H, halogen, C(halogen)3, SE1, OE1 or NE1E2,
E1 and E2 are each independently H or alkyl;
R, R and R each independently comprises Y-D1-D2-T2, H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or a substituent group,
Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a substituted aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a substituted heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen, or a substituent group;
with the proviso that,
when Ar is 4-isopropyl pyridine or 4-isopropenyl pyridine, R is hydrogen, and R is hydrogen, then R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when Ar is 4-isopropyl toluene or 4-isopropenyl toluene, and both R and R are hydrogen, R can not be a straight or branched saturated alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
when R is C(CH3)2(CH2)5CH3, R2 and R4 are methyl, then R and R can not be H, OH or OCH3.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy;
R comprises H, halogen, C(halogen)3, lower alkyl or alkoxy; and
R comprises Y-D1-D2-T2,
Y comprises Y is optionally present and if present comprises O, S, NH, N-alkyl, CCH, CC, CH2, CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, a carbocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members or a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 6 ring members with 1 or 2 heteroatoms,
D1 is optionally present and if present comprises alkyl,
D2 comprises H, an alkyl, NH, N-alkyl, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring,
T2 is optionally present and if present comprises an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, H, OH, halogen or a substituent group.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer implemented method of verifying a design for an electronic device having at least one functional unit, comprising:
receiving, in a computer system, a set of generic transaction types having associated parameters to stimulate the functional unit;
applying, using the computer system, the set of generic transaction types to the functional unit in a first simulation environment using an abstraction layer to interface with a first translation layer of the first simulation environment; and
applying, using the computer system, the set of generic transaction types to the functional unit in a second simulation environment which is larger than the first simulation environment using the abstraction layer to interface with a second translation layer of the second simulation environment, the second translation layer being different from the first translation layer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the abstraction layer comprises a generic driver interface which issues generic commands having command parameters including a command type, an address, and operand data.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the first translation layer maps the generic transaction types into first interface-specific command types and transmits the first interface-specific command types to a first port driver which places the first interface-specific command types on a first hardware interface of the first simulation environment; and
the second translation layer maps the generic transaction types into second interface-specific command types and transmits the second interface-specific command types to a second port driver which places the second interface-specific command types on a second hardware interface of second simulation environment.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the functional unit is a first functional unit and the set of generic transaction types is a first set of generic transaction types, and further comprising:
receiving a second set of generic transaction types having associated parameters to stimulate a second functional unit;
applying the second set of generic transaction types to the second functional unit in a third simulation environment using the abstraction layer to interface with a third translation layer of the third simulation environment; and
applying the second set of generic transaction types to the second functional unit in the second simulation environment using the abstraction layer to interface with the second translation layer of the second simulation environment.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying of the set of generic transaction types in the second simulation environment further uses the abstraction layer to interface with a third translation layer of the second simulation environment, the third translation layer being different from the first translation layer and the second translation layer.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
applying the set of generic transaction types to the functional unit in a third simulation environment which is larger than and includes the second simulation environment using the abstraction layer to interface with a third translation layer of the third simulation environment, the third translation layer being different from the first translation layer and the second translation layer.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the functional unit is a peripheral component interconnect controller, the first simulation environment is a peripheral component interconnect unit simulation environment, and the second simulation environment is a processor core simulation environment.
8. A computer implemented method of verifying a design for a microprocessor having at least one functional unit, comprising:
receiving, in a computer system, a set of generic transaction types having associated parameters to stimulate the functional unit;
applying, using the computer system, the set of generic transaction types to the functional unit in a unit simulation environment using a generic driver interface which issues generic commands to a unit translation layer of the unit simulation environment; and
applying, using the computer system, the set of generic transaction types to the functional unit in an element simulation environment which is larger than and includes the unit simulation environment using the generic driver interface which issues the generic commands to an element translation layer of the element simulation environment.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein:
the unit translation layer maps the generic commands into unit-specific commands and transmits the unit-specific commands to a unit port driver which places the unit-specific commands on a unit hardware interface of the unit simulation environment; and
the element translation layer maps the generic commands into element-specific commands and transmits the element-specific commands to an element port driver which places the element-specific commands on an element hardware interface of element simulation environment.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the functional unit is a first functional unit, the set of generic transaction types is a first set of generic transaction types, the generic commands are first generic commands, the unit simulation environment is a first unit simulation environment, and the unit translation layer is a first unit translation layer, and further comprising:
receiving a second set of generic transaction types having associated parameters to stimulate a second functional unit;
applying the second set of generic transaction types to the second functional unit in a second unit simulation environment using the generic driver interface which issues second generic commands to a second unit translation layer of the second unit simulation environment; and
applying the second set of generic transaction types to the second functional unit in the element simulation environment which additionally includes the second unit simulation environment using the generic driver interface which issues the second generic commands to the element translation layer of the element simulation environment.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the element translation layer is a first element translation layer, and the applying of the set of generic transaction types in the element simulation environment further uses the generic driver interface which issues the generic commands to a second element translation layer of the element simulation environment.