1. A mold for shaping a baseball or softball, characterized in that: the mold is constructed from two identical figure of 8 shaped mold pieces which correspond to an outside shape of a ball, the two mold pieces being made from rubber, silicone or resin, fit onto each other to form the outside shape of the ball, the two mold pieces having two joining edges respectively joined to each other, an outer side at one joining edge formed with a stepped surface to engage with another stepped surface formed on an inside side at the other joining edge, and on interior surfaces of the two mold pieces grooves are set respectively along the two joining edges to form a raised sewn section on a surface of a molded ball cover so that a mold line on the molded ball cover formed by two mold pieces after demoulding is exactly located on the raised sewn section, and a material inlet and air outlet are formed where the two mold pieces join.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A fiber optic force sensor for sensing a force exerted upon an optical fiber, comprising:
a fiber Bragg grating comprising an optical fiber having a fiber optical axis and a Bragg grating being formed in a portion of the optical fiber and having a grating optical axis parallel to the fiber optical axis, wherein the Bragg grating has a predetermined optical transmittance and reflectance, and
a plurality of stacked layers,
wherein at least that portion of the optical fiber comprising the Bragg grating is embedded between a lower layer arrangement comprising at least one lower layer of the plurality of stacked layers and an upper layer arrangement comprising at least one upper layer of the plurality of stacked layers, such that a force exerted upon the optical fiber in a predetermined direction of force results in a variation of the predetermined optical transmittance and reflectance of the Bragg grating.
2. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the thickness of at least one out of the plurality of stacked layers is selected such that the force sensor has a predetermined sensitivity regarding the exerted force.
3. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the number of the plurality of stacked layers is selected such that the force sensor has a predetermined sensitivity and range regarding the exerted force.
4. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the lower layer arrangement and the upper layer arrangement each comprise the same number of layers.
5. The force sensor according to claim 4,
wherein the lower layer arrangement and the upper layer arrangement are arranged symmetrically with respect to the Bragg grating, so that the Bragg grating is embedded between the lower layer arrangement and the upper layer arrangement symmetrically and such that the predetermined optical transmittance and reflectance of the Bragg grating are not influenced by a force exerted upon the optical fiber in a direction of force perpendicular to the plane of the layer arrangements.
6. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the lower layer arrangement and the upper layer arrangement each comprise a different number of layers.
7. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein each layer is made of a composite material comprising a plurality of elongated fibers being arranged in parallel within each respective layer.
8. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers comprises a polymer.
9. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers comprises an electrically insulating material.
10. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers comprises a thermally insulating material.
11. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers comprises an epoxy resin material or a polyester resin material.
12. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein all of the layers are mutually identically formed.
13. The force sensor according to claim 7,
wherein, for at least one layer of the lower layer arrangement and for at least one layer of the upper layer arrangement, the elongated fibers of the different layers are aligned mutually parallel and parallel with respect to the fiber optical axis.
14. The force sensor according to claim 13,
wherein for two layers adjacent to the Bragg grating the elongated fibers of the two different layers are aligned mutually parallel and parallel with respect to the fiber optical axis.
15. The force sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the elongated fibers of each two subsequent layers are aligned mutually parallel.
16. The force sensor according to claim 7,
wherein the elongated fibers of each two subsequent layers are aligned mutually orthogonal.
17. The force sensor according to claim 7,
wherein at least part of the elongated fibers are carbon fibers.
18. The force sensor according to claim 7,
wherein at least part of the elongated fibers are glass fibers.
19. The force sensor according to claim 1,
further comprising a first elongated strip attached to a first end of the force sensor, near a first end of the Bragg grating, and a second elongated strip attached to a second end of the force sensor, near a second end of the Bragg grating, so as to increase the sensitivity of the force sensor.
20. The force sensor according to claim 19,
wherein the first strip and the second strip are attached on the same side of the force sensor, either at the lower layer arrangement or at the upper layer arrangement.
21. The force sensor according to claim 19,
wherein the first strip and the second strip are arranged parallel to at least one of the layers and orthogonal to the fiber optical axis.
22. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the direction of force extends parallel to the fiber optical axis of the optical fiber.
23. The force sensor according to claim 1,
wherein the direction of force extends perpendicular to the fiber optical axis of the optical fiber.
24. A force sensor array, comprising
an optical fiber,
a plurality of Bragg gratings incorporated into the optical fiber at a corresponding plurality of portions of the optical fiber, wherein the Bragg gratings and the optical fiber each have an optical axis, wherein all of the optical axes are parallel, and wherein each of the Bragg gratings has a predetermined optical transmittance and reflectance, and
for each Bragg grating, a layer assembly, the layer assembly comprising:
a plurality of stacked layers, wherein at least that respective portion of the optical fiber comprising the Bragg grating is embedded between a lower layer arrangement comprising at least one lower layer of the plurality of stacked layers and an upper layer arrangement comprising at least one upper layer of the plurality of stacked layers, such that a force exerted upon the optical fiber results in a variation of the predetermined optical transmittance and reflectance of the Bragg grating.
25. A force sensor array according to claim 24, wherein the Bragg wavelength of the respective Bragg gratings are set to different values.