1-8. (canceled)
9. A method for controlling a component of a technical plant by a PI controller that has control parameters including a control ratio and an integral-action time, comprising:
defining the integral-action time;
defining an initial value of the control ratio;
defining a set value of a control quantity of the component;
determining the actual value of a controlled variable during operation of the technical plant;
changing the control ratio relative to a time response of the actual value until the actual value of the control variable remains within a tolerance band relative to the set value during operation of the technical plant; and
reducing the control ratio if the time response of the actual value has a dwell time during which the actual value has a value within the tolerance band that is smaller than a first defined time period during operation of the technical plant.
10. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein the integral-action time is determined from the system time constants.
11. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein the integral-action time is determined from the sum of the system time constants of the component to be controlled.
12. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein the control ratio is reduced if a first change rate of the actual value is greater than a second change rate of the set value.
13. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein the control ratio is increased if the time response of the actual value has a rise time that includes the period from the start of a change of the set value until reaching an instantaneous value of the actual value within the tolerance band that is greater than a second defined time period.
14. A PI controller for controlling a component of a technical plant, comprising:
a logic element having a control ratio and an integral-action time;
a first controller input adapted to provide the controller can be supplied with a defined value for the integral-action time;
a second controller input adapted so the controller can be supplied with the control ratio;
a third controller input adapted so the controller can be supplied with a set value of a control quantity of the component; and
an adaption device that constantly applies the actual value of a control variable during the operation of the technical plant so the adaption device and the control ratio can be constantly changed relative to the time response of the actual value until the actual value of the control variable remains within a tolerance band relative to the set value with the control ratio being reduced by the adaption unit if the time response of the actual value has a dwell time during which the actual value accepts a value within the tolerance band that is smaller than a first defined time period.
15. The feedback controller in accordance with claim 14, wherein the integral-action time is determined from system time constants.
16. The feedback controller in accordance with claim 14, wherein the integral-action time is determined from the sum of the system time constants of the component to be controlled.
17. The feedback controller in accordance with claim 14, wherein the control ratio is reduced by the adaption unit if additionally a first change rate of the actual value is greater than a second change rate of the set value.
18. The feedback controller in accordance with claim 14, wherein the control ratio is increased by the adaption unit if the time response of the actual value has a rise time that includes the time period from the start of a change of the set value until achievement of an instantaneous value of the actual value within the tolerance band, that is greater than a second defined time period.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating together with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, a first ventilation passage for guiding gas to the entrance port, the gas having passed through the stator ventilation duct after passing through the rotor ventilation duct, wherein gas aspirated by the fan is separated from the gas introduced into the entrance port at a position near the fan, wherein the gas compressed by the fan is guided through the first ventilation passage to the entrance port side, and wherein the gas having passed through the rotor ventilation duct and the stator ventilation duct is cooled by a cooler, and the cooled gas is guided to the first ventilation passage.
2. The electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct and the stator is guided to the cooler after it is compressed by the fan.
3. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the shaft, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, and an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, wherein gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct and the stator ventilation duct is compressed by the fan, and it passes through the end of the stator, and is guided to a cooler, and wherein there is a second ventilation passage by which the gas that has passed through the cooler is guided to the entrance port, without passing through the fan.
4. The electric rotating machine according to claim 3, wherein a second cooler, which is different from the first cooler, is disposed in the ventilation passage between the rotor and the fan or the ventilation passage between the stator and the fan.
5. The electric rotating machine according to claim 4, wherein a part of the air that has passed through the cooler is guided to the stator ventilation duct, and a part of the air that has passed through the second cooler is guided to a gap between the rotor and the stator.
6. The electric rotating machine according to claim 5, wherein the rotor and the stator are disposed in the stator housing, and the second cooler is disposed outside of the housing.
7. The electric rotating machine according to claim 6, wherein a ventilation passage communicating the end of the stator to the entrance port and a fan are disposed outside of the housing.
8. The electric rotating machine according to claim 5, wherein the cooling medium is air.
9. The electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating machine has windings wound on the rotor and a retaining ring supporting ends of the windings, the fan being arranged to the retaining ring, and outside thereof.
10. The electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein ventilation is improved in the vicinity of the entrance port of the first ventilation passage.
11. The electric rotating machine according to claim 10, wherein the ventilation improvement is caused by whirl motion of the gas.
12. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, an entrance port communicated with rotor ventilation duct, and a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct to the entrance port, wherein the gas aspirated into the fan and the gas guided to the entrance port are separated from mixing, wherein the gas compressed by the fan is guided through the stator ventilation duct to the entrance port, and wherein the gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct is guided to the first ventilation passage after it is cooled in the cooler.
13. An-electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, an entrance port communicated with rotor ventilation duct, and a first ventilation passage for guiding mixed gas that has passed through at least one of the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct to the entrance port, wherein the gas aspirated into the fan and the gas guided to the entrance port are separated from mixing, wherein the gas compressed by the fan is guided through the stator ventilation duct to the entrance port, and wherein the gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct is guided to the first ventilation passage after it is cooled in the cooler.
14. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct, an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, and a cooler disposed on a ventilation passage from the exhaust port of the fan to the entrance port, wherein the gas aspirated into the fan and the gas guided to the entrance port are separated from each other to avoid mixing, wherein the gas compressed by the fan is guided through the stator ventilation duct to the entrance port, and wherein the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct flows into the stator ventilation duct.
15. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, and a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, wherein gas compressed by the fan flows through ends of the stator, wherein the gas passing through the ends flows through a cooler, wherein the gas aspirated into the fan and the gas guided to the entrance port are separated from each other to avoid mixing, and wherein the gas that has passed through the cooler is guided to the entrance port side.
16. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the shaft, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, and a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has passed through rotor ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct to the entrance port without passing through the fan, and wherein the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct and the stator ventilation duct is guided to the first ventilation duct after the gas is cooled by the cooler.
17. The electric rotating machine according to claim 16, wherein the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct and the stator ventilation duct is compressed by the fan and introduced into the cooler.
18. The electric rotating machine according to claim 17, wherein the gas that has been compressed by the fan is guided to the cooler after it passes through the end of the stator.
19. The electric rotating machine according to claim 17, wherein there is disposed a second cooler different from the first cooler to the ventilating passage between the rotor and the fan or the passage between the stator and the fan.
20. The electric rotating machine according to claim 19, wherein a part of the air that has passed through the cooler is guided to the stator ventilation duct, and a part of the air that has passed through the second cooler is guided to a gap between the rotor and the stator.
21. The electric rotating machine according to claim 20, wherein the rotor and the stator are disposed in the stator housing, and the second cooler is disposed outside of the stator housing.
22. The electric rotating machine according to claim 21, wherein a ventilation passage from the end of the stator and the entrance and the second cooler are disposed outside of the stator housing.
23. The electric rotating machine according to claim 4, wherein the cooling medium is air.
24. The electric rotating machine according to claim 16, wherein the rotating machine gas windings wound on the rotor, and a retaining ring for supporting the ends of the windings, the fan being adjacently disposed in the area of the outside of the retaining ring.
25. The electric rotating machine according to claim 16, wherein there is a ventilation improvement at a position near the entrance of the first ventilation passage.
26. The electric rotating machine according to claim 25, wherein the ventilation improvement is made by whirl motion.
27. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of ends of the stator, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, and a first ventilation duct for guiding gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct to the entrance, without passing through the fan, wherein the gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct is guided to the first ventilation passage after it is cooled by the cooler.
28. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of an end of the stator, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, and a first ventilation passage for guiding mixed gas that has passed through at least one of the stator ventilation duct and the rotor ventilation duct to the entrance port without passing through the fan, wherein the mixed gas is guided to the first ventilation passage after it is cooled by a cooler.
29. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of an end of the stator, a first cooler, a second cooler disposed on the line extended from the first cooler in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, and an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, wherein gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct is guided to the stator ventilation duct, wherein air that has passed through the stator ventilation duct is guided to the first cooler, wherein air that has passed through the first cooler is guided to the second cooler by way of the end of the stator, and wherein air that has passed through the second cooler is guided to the entrance port without passing through the fan.
30. The electric rotating machine according to claim 14, wherein the rotating machine has a second stator ventilation duct differing from the stator ventilation duct, and a third cooler differing from the second cooler, the third cooler being disposed on the line extended in the axial direction of the first cooler, wherein gas that has passed through the second stator ventilation duct is guided to the third cooler.
31. The electric rotating machine according to claim 15, wherein the second cooler consists of two coolers disposed on the line extended in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the gas that has passed through the first cooler being guided to one of the cooler and the gas that has passed through the third cooler being guided to the other cooler.
32. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of an end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a first ventilation passage to which gas that passed through the stator ventilation duct and gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct are guided, an entrance port communicated with the rotor ventilation duct, and a cooler in a ventilation passage extended from the exhaust side to the entrance port, wherein the gas that has passed through the first ventilation passage is guided to the entrance port without passing through the fan, and the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct passes through the stator ventilation duct.
33. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating together with the rotating shaft, a fan disposed to the rotting shaft, and a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, wherein gas compressed by the fan passes through an end of the stator, and then passes through a cooler, and wherein gas that has passed through the cooler is guided to the rotor ventilation duct without passing through the fan.
34. An electric rotating machine comprising a first cooler, a second cooler, a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has cooled an end of the stator to the first cooler, and a second ventilation passage for guiding gas that is cooled by the first cooler to the rotor ventilation duct, wherein the gas that has passed through the rotor ventilation duct is guided to the stator ventilation duct by way of a gap, and wherein there is a third ventilation passage for guiding the gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct to the second cooler.
35. An electric rotating machine comprising a first cooler, a second cooler, a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has cooled an end of the stator to the first cooler, and a second ventilation passage for guiding gas that has passed through the first cooler to the rotor ventilation duct, wherein the second ventilation passage is guided to the rotor ventilation duct by way of the outside of the periphery of the first cooler.
36. An electric rotating machine comprising a first cooler, a second cooler, a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a first ventilation passage for guiding gas that has cooled an end of the stator to the first cooler, a second ventilation passage for guiding gas that has passed through the stator ventilation duct to the second cooler, and a third ventilation passage for guiding the gas that is cooled by the first cooler without passing through the fan, wherein the first ventilation passage and the second ventilation passage intersect each other.
37. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating together with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotating shaft, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the stator, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, and ventilation holes disposed in the inner periphery of the fan, the holes being rotated together with the rotating shaft, wherein the ventilation holes communicate with the rotor ventilation duct, and wherein the cooling medium that is compressed by the fan is guided to the ventilation holes disposed in the inner periphery of the fan after it is cooled by the cooler.
38. An electric rotating machine comprising a stator, a rotor rotating in an opposite relation with the stator, a rotating shaft rotating together with the rotor, a fan disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rotor, a stator ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, a rotor ventilation duct disposed in the rotor, and ventilation holes rotating together with the rotating shaft, the ventilation holes being disposed in the inner periphery of the fan, and wherein a pressure difference between the pressure at the stream lower than the fan and the ventilation holes is more than 2 kPa.