1. A method for the analysis of mixtures of components, comprising:
(a) separating or partially separating different components of a mixture of a first sample by means that causes the components to elute sequentially over a period of time;
(b) forming precursor ions from the components in the eluent, during the period of time;
(c) receiving the precursor ions in an Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device, during the period of time;
(d) repeatedly switching, altering or varying the Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device back and forth, during the period of time, between a hi-fragmentation mode and a low-fragmentation mode, to alternately produce product ions in the hi-fragmentation mode and to produce substantially fewer product ions in the low-fragmentation mode; and
(e) obtaining mass spectra, during the period of time, from precursor and product ions received from the Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device, wherein at least one of the mass spectra is obtained in association with the Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device in the hi-fragmentation mode, and at least one of the mass spectra is obtained about a second later in association with the Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device in the low-fragmentation mode.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
repeating (a) through (e) for a second sample;
determining, from the mass spectra of the first sample, an intensity of precursor ions that have a particular mass to charge ratio;
determining, from the mass spectra of the second sample, an intensity of precursor ions that have the same particular mass to charge ratio; and
comparing the intensity of the precursor ions of the first sample with the intensity of the precursor ions of the second sample that have the same particular mass to charge ratio.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein repeatedly switching, altering or varying the Electron Capture Dissociation fragmentation device comprises switching, altering or varying back and forth approximately every second between the hi-fragmentation and low-fragmentation modes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein repeatedly switching, altering or varying back and forth is performed without interruption during the period of time of elution of the sample.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the period of time is several tens of minutes.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining mass spectra comprises obtaining several hundred hi-fragmentation and low-fragmentation mass spectra.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining mass spectra comprises obtaining mass spectra sufficiently rapidly and close together in time that the mass spectra essentially correspond to the same eluting component or components.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising associating precursor ions observed in a mass spectrum for a certain time period with product ions observed in a mass spectrum for a time period immediately before or after the certain time period.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein repeatedly switching, altering or varying back and forth comprises switching, altering or varying back and forth several times during a time span associated with a width of a chromatographic peak.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising producing, from the mass spectra of the sample, an elution profile for precursor ions and a pseudo-elution profile for product ions, and identifying precursor ions in response to correlations between the elution profiles of the precursor ions and the pseudo-elution profiles of the product ions.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein product ions, as determined from their pseudo-elution profiles, have substantially the same elution times as their related precursor ions.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining correlations between the profiles by comparing peaks of the profiles.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying precursor ions by comparing elution times of precursor ions with pseudo-elution times of product ions.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the means that causes the components to elute performs High Performance Liquid Chromatography (\u201cHPLC\u201d), anion exchange, anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange, cation exchange chromatography, ion pair reversed-phase chromatography, chromatography, single-dimensional electrophoresis, multidimensional electrophoresis, size exclusion, affinity or reverse-phase chromatography, Capillary Electrophoresis Chromatography (\u201cCEC\u201d), electrophoresis, ion mobility separation, Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Separation (\u201cFAIMS\u201d) or capillary electrophoresis.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein forming precursor ions comprises using an ion source selected from the group consisting of: (i) an Electrospray ion source; (ii) an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (\u201cAPCI\u201d) ion source; (iii) an Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionisation (\u201cAPPI\u201d) ion source; (iv) a Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation (\u201cMALDI\u201d) ion source; (v) a Laser Desorption Ionisation (\u201cLDI\u201d) ion source; (vi) an Inductively Coupled Plasma (\u201cICP\u201d) ion source; (vi) a Fast Atom Bombardment (\u201cFAB\u201d) ion source; (vii) a Liquid Secondary Ions Mass Spectrometry (\u201cLSIMS\u201d) ion source; and (viii) an Atmospheric Pressure Ionisation (\u201cAPI\u201d) ion source.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining mass spectra comprises using a time-of-flight mass analyzer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of retrofitting a first basement window in a building with a second window wherein the second window has a greater surface area than the first window, the method comprising:
removing a smaller first window from a opening in a foundation wall while leaving a window buck in place;
enlarging the opening by cuffing out a bottom side of the window buck and a portion of the foundation below the opening to create a larger opening but leaving a top side and at least substantial portions of the left and right sides of the window buck in place;
installing a structural frame in and around the larger opening, the structural frame comprising L-channel and having left, right, top and bottom sides, a first leg of the L-channel of each side forming collectively forming a flange portion with the other sides, the flange portion having a substantially planar back surface, the second leg of the L-channel of each side extending orthogonally away from an inside edge of the first leg; and
installing a larger second window in the larger opening.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
before said enlarging the opening, excavating a pit in the ground abutting the opening using a power auger.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
before said excavating an pit, manually digging a channel abutting a first window well, the width of the channel being at least the diameter of an auger blade of the power auger.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the structural frame includes a plurality of holes extending through the flange portion, the method further comprising:
drilling fastener holes into the foundation using the plurality of holes as guides; and
installing concrete pins through the plurality of holes and into the corresponding fastener holes.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
installing a new window well of a sufficient size to permit a person egress therethrough; and
backfilling the remainder of the pit on an exterior of the new window well.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
after installing a larger second window, sealing the second window against the foundation using one or both of caulk and expanding foam.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
after said sealing the second window, trimming the window from the interior of basement.
8. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
painting the structural frame a color complimentary with the color of the building.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising completing the job in 10 hours or less.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the structural frame includes a plurality of holes extending through the flange portion, the method further comprising:
drilling fastener holes into the foundation using the plurality of holes as guides; and
bolting the structural frame to the foundation wall using the plurality of holes and the corresponding fastener holes.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein no additional reinforcement other than the structural frame and the window buck is utilized to provide structural support for the window and the foundation.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said enlarging the opening is performed using a ring saw.
13. A method of retrofitting a first basement window in a building with a second window wherein the second window has a greater surface area than the first window, the method comprising:
removing a smaller first window from a opening in a foundation wall while leaving a window buck in place;
enlarging the opening by cutting out a bottom side of the window buck and a portion of the foundation below the opening to create a larger opening but leaving a top side and at least substantial portions of the left and right sides of the window buck in place;
sliding a structural frame in and around the larger opening from an exterior of the foundation wall, the structural frame comprising L-channel and having left, right, top and bottom sides, a first leg of the L-channel of each side forming collectively forming a flange portion with the other sides, the flange portion having a substantially planar back surface, the second leg of the L-channel of each side extending orthogonally away from an inside edge of the first leg, the structural frame having sealant tape adhered to the planar back surface;
drilling fastener holes into the foundation using the plurality of holes as guides;
securing the frame to the foundation by installing concrete pins through the plurality of holes and into the corresponding fastener holes; and
installing a larger second window in the larger opening.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein no additional reinforcement other than the structural frame and the window buck is utilized to provide structural support for the window and the foundation.