1. A method for producing monocyclic ketones C4-C5, carried out by contacting a liquid cycloalkene with nitrous oxide at a temperature of 20 to 300\xb0 C. and a pressure of nitrous oxide of 0.01 to 100 atm in the presence of a diluent inert gas.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of an inert gas in the reaction mixture does not exceed 99%.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of an inert gas is selected such as to rule out the possibility of explosion-hazardous compositions to be formed in each step of the process.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of an inert gas is selected such as to rule out the possibility of explosion-hazardous compositions to be formed in all steps of the process.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 199\xb0 C. and a pressure of nitrous oxide of 0.01 to 100 atm without introducing an inert gas into the reaction mixture.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein nitrous oxide contains admixtures of other gases which do not impair the process characteristics.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in a static or flow reactor.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein recirculating gases are used for carrying out the reaction.
11. A method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of an inert gas is selected such as to rule out the possibility of explosion-hazardous compositions to be formed in each step of the process.
12. A method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of an inert gas is selected such as to rule out the possibility of explosion-hazardous compositions to be formed in all steps of the process.
13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
14. A method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent.
15. A method according to claim 2, wherein nitrous oxide contains admixtures of other gases which do not impair the process characteristics.
16. A method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction is carried out in a static or flow reactor.
17. A method according to claim 2, wherein recirculating gases are used for carrying out the reaction.
18. A method according to claim 4, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A position detecting system, comprising: a transmitting apparatus; a receiving apparatus; and a moving body of which position is detected by using these apparatuses; wherein
said moving body is provided with a reflector reflecting a wave propagated through a space;
said transmitting apparatus includes
transmitting means for transmitting said wave, and
means for detecting a direction of transmitting said wave;
said receiving apparatus includes
receiving means for receiving a reflected wave of said wave reflected by said reflector, and
direction detecting means for detecting a direction from which said reflected wave is received;
said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus are provided apart from each other; and
at least one of said transmitting apparatus, said receiving apparatus and said moving body detects the position of said moving body based on the direction of transmitting said wave, the direction of receiving the reflected wave of said wave and a distance between said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus.
2. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus are provided to be apart from each other at a predetermined distance.
3. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus further includes moving means for changing at least one of position and orientation.
4. The position detecting system according to claim 3, wherein
said moving means is three-dimensional moving means capable of moving three-dimensionally in the space.
5. The position detecting system according to claim 3, wherein
said moving means includes first moving means for changing at least one of position and orientation of said transmitting apparatus and second moving means for changing at least one of position and orientation of said receiving apparatus; and
each of said transmitting apparatus and receiving apparatus further includes means for transmitting and receiving to and from each other information related to a result of detection.
6. The position detecting system according to claim 3, wherein
each of said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus further includes
means for detecting apposition of itself, and
means for transmitting and receiving to and from each other information related to said position.
7. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said transmitting means includes directional wave transmitting means for transmitting a directional wave;
said receiving means includes directional wave receiving means for receiving a reflected wave of the directional wave; and
said direction detecting means includes directional wave direction detecting means for detecting a direction of receiving a reflected wave of the directional wave.
8. The position detecting system according to claim 7, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes non-directional wave transmitting means for transmitting a non-directional wave; and
said transmitting apparatus further includes
non-directional wave receiving means for receiving a reflected wave of said non-directional wave reflected by said reflector, and
non-directional wave direction detecting means for detecting a direction of receiving the reflected wave of the non-directional wave.
9. The position detecting system according to claim 8, wherein
said directional wave transmitting means includes a directional wave transmitting portion transmitting a directional wave;
said directional wave receiving means includes a plurality of directional wave receiving portions receiving reflected waves of the directional wave;
said directional wave direction detecting means includes
means for detecting a direction at which each of said directional wave receiving means receives a reflected wave of the directional wave,
means for detecting a first average direction of the directions at which said directional wave receiving portions receive the reflected waves of the directional wave;
said non-directional wave transmitting means includes
non-directional wave generating portion generating a non-directional wave;
said non-directional wave receiving means includes a plurality of non-directional wave receiving portions receiving reflected waves of the non-directional wave;
said non-directional wave direction detecting means includes
means for detecting a direction from which each of said non-directional wave receiving portions receives a reflected wave of said non-directional wave, and
means for detecting a second average direction of the directions at which said non-directional wave receiving portions receive the reflected waves of the non-directional wave;
each of said non-directional wave receiving portions is arranged such that said second average direction matches the direction of said reflector to said directional wave transmitting portion; and
each of said directional wave receiving portions is arranged such that said first average direction matches the direction of said reflector to said non-directional wave transmitting portion.
10. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said transmitting means includes means for transmitting said wave in a predetermined scope.
11. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said receiving apparatus-further includes means for preventing direct reception of the wave transmitted from said transmitting apparatus.
12. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes means for determining whether said wave is a reflected wave or not.
13. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes means for detecting an amount of movement of said reflected wave; and
at least one of said transmitting apparatus, said receiving apparatus and said moving body further includes means for calculating an amount of movement of said moving body from the amount of movement of said reflected wave.
14. The position detecting system according to claim 13, wherein
said transmitting apparatus further includes means for changing the direction of transmitting said wave as said moving body moves.
15. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said moving body is provided with a plurality of reflectors;
said transmitting means includes means for transmitting said wave separately to each of said reflectors; and
said receiving means includes means for separately receiving reflected waves reflected by each of said reflectors.
16. The position detecting system according to claim 1, wherein
said reflector has a curvature.
17. The position detecting system according to claim 16, wherein said reflector has a spherical shape.
18. The position detecting system according to claim 16, wherein
said reflector has a cylindrical shape.
19. The position detecting system according to claim 16, wherein
said reflector is a part of a spherical surface.
20. The position detecting system according to claim 16, wherein
said reflector is a part of a cylindrical surface.
21. The position detecting system according to claim 16, wherein
curvature of said reflector changes portion to portion.
22. The position detecting system according to claim 21, wherein
said reflector has a parabolic surface.
23. The position detecting system according to claim 21, wherein
said reflector has a shape of an elliptical cylinder.
24. A transmitting apparatus in the position detecting system according to claim 1.
25. A receiving apparatus in the position detecting system according to claim 1.
26. A position detecting system, comprising: a transmitting apparatus; a receiving apparatus; and a moving body of which position is detected by using these apparatuses; wherein
said moving body is provided with a reflector reflecting a wave propagated through a space;
said transmitting apparatus includes
a transmitting portion transmitting said wave, and
a detecting portion detecting a direction of transmitting said wave;
said receiving apparatus includes
a receiving portion receiving a reflected wave of said wave reflected by said reflector, and
a direction detecting portion detecting a direction from which said reflected wave is received;
said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus are provided apart from each other; and
at least one of said transmitting apparatus, said receiving apparatus and said moving body detects the position of said moving body based on the direction of transmitting said wave, the direction of receiving the reflected wave of said wave and a distance between said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus.
27. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus are provided to be apart from each other at a predetermined distance.
28. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
at least one of said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus further includes a moving portion changing at least one of position and orientation.
29. The position detecting system according to claim 28, wherein
said moving portion is a three-dimensional moving portion capable of moving three-dimensionally in the space.
30. The position detecting system according to claim 28, wherein
said moving portion includes a first moving portion changing at least one of position and orientation of said transmitting apparatus and a second moving portion changing at least one of position and orientation of said receiving apparatus; and
each of said transmitting apparatus and receiving apparatus further includes a transmitting and receiving portion for transmitting and receiving to and from each other information related to a result of detection.
31. The position detecting system according to claim 28, wherein
each of said transmitting apparatus and said receiving apparatus further includes
a position detecting portion detecting the position of itself, and
a transmitting and receiving portion transmitting and receiving to and from each other information related to said position.
32. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said transmitting portion includes a directional wave transmitting portion transmitting a directional wave;
said receiving means includes a directional wave receiving portion receiving a reflected wave of the directional wave; and
said direction detecting portion includes a directional wave direction detecting portion detecting the direction of receiving a reflected wave of the directional wave.
33. The position detecting system according to claim 32, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes a non-directional wave transmitting portion transmitting a non-directional wave; and
said transmitting apparatus further includes
a non-directional wave receiving portion receiving a reflected wave of said non-directional wave reflected by said reflector, and
a non-directional wave direction detecting portion detecting a direction of receiving the reflected wave of the non-directional wave.
34. The position detecting system according to claim 33, wherein said directional wave receiving portion and said non-directional wave receiving portion are provided in plural;
said directional wave direction detecting portion includes
a first receiving direction detecting portion detecting a direction at which each of said directional wave receiving portions receives a reflected wave of the directional wave, and
a first average direction detecting portion detecting a first average direction of the directions at which said directional wave receiving portions receive the reflected waves of the directional wave;
said non-directional wave direction detecting portion includes
a second receiving direction detecting portion detecting a direction at which each of said non-directional wave receiving portions receives a reflected wave of the non-directional wave, and
a second average direction detecting portion detecting a second average direction of directions at which said non-directional wave receiving portions receive the reflected waves of the non-directional wave;
each of said non-directional wave receiving portions is arranged such that said second average direction matches the direction of said reflector to said directional wave transmitting portion; and
each of said directional wave receiving portions is arranged such that said first average direction matches the direction of said reflector to said non-directional wave transmitting portion.
35. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said transmitting portion transmits said wave in a predetermined scope.
36. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes a preventing portion preventing direct reception of the wave transmitted from said transmitting apparatus.
37. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes a determining portion determining whether said wave is a reflected wave or not.
38. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said receiving apparatus further includes an amount of movement detecting portion detecting an amount of movement of said reflected wave; and
at least one of said transmitting apparatus, said receiving apparatus and said moving body further includes a calculating portion calculating an amount of movement of said moving body from the amount of movement of said reflected wave.
39. The position detecting system according to claim 38, wherein
said transmitting apparatus further includes a changing portion changing the direction of transmitting said wave as said moving body moves.
40. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said moving body is provided with a plurality of reflectors;
said transmitting portion transmits said wave separately to each of said reflectors; and
said receiving portion separately receives reflected waves reflected by each of said reflectors.
41. The position detecting system according to claim 26, wherein
said reflector has a curvature.
42. The position detecting system according to claim 41, wherein said reflector has a spherical shape.
43. The position detecting system according to claim 41, wherein
said reflector has a cylindrical shape.
44. The position detecting system according to claim 41, wherein
said reflector is a part of a spherical surface.
45. The position detecting system according to claim 41, wherein
said reflector is a part of a cylindrical surface.
46. The position detecting system according to claim 41, wherein
curvature of said reflector changes portion to portion.
47. The position detecting system according to claim 46, wherein
said reflector has a parabolic surface.
48. The position detecting system according to claim 46, wherein
said reflector has a shape of an elliptical cylinder.
49. A transmitting apparatus in the position detecting system according to claim 26.
50. A receiving apparatus in the position detecting system according to claim 26.