1. A prepreg, comprising a carbon fiber-made reinforcing woven fabric impregnated with 30 to 50 wt % of a resin, and having a cover factor of not less than 90%, wherein the carbon fiber-made reinforcing woven fabric comprises, warp yarns each of which comprises carbon fibers and weft yarns each of which comprises carbon fibers, and auxiliary yarns each of which comprises a glass fiber yarn and arranged along at least either the warp yarns comprising the carbon fibers, as warp-oriented auxiliary yarns or the weft yarns comprising the carbon fibers, as weft-oriented auxiliary yarns, wherein each of the warp-oriented auxiliary yarns or the weft-oriented auxiliary yarns is arranged in an up and down pattern of passing over and under the weft yarns or the warp yarns, respectively, at an updown frequency such that an updown frequency of a selected warp-oriented auxiliary yarn with respect to the weft yarns is different from that of an adjacent warp yarn or an undown frequency of a selected weft-oriented auxiliary yarn with respect to the warp yarns is different from that of an adjacent weft yarn, and wherein each of the auxiliary yarns is arranged between the warp yarns adjacent each other or the weft yarns adjacent each other, and wherein the respective fineness of each of the warp yarns and each of the weft yarns are in a range from 3,000 to 90,000 deniers, and the glass fiber yam has a fineness of not more than 500 denier.
2. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein each of the auxiliary yarns is arranged between the warp yarns adjacent each other and the weft yarns adjacent each other.
3. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein a low melting point polymer is adhered on the surface of each of the auxiliary yarns, and wherein portions of the intersections between the auxiliary yarns and the warp yarns or the weft yarns are bonded by means of the low melting point polymer.
4. The prepreg, according to claim 3, wherein an adhering amount of the low melting point polymer is in a range from 0.5 to 10 wt % based on the weight of the reinforcing woven fabric.
5. The prepreg, according to claim 3, wherein the low melting point polymer is adhered on the surface of the auxiliary yarn spirally in at least either S-direction or Z-direction.
6. The prepreg, according to claim 3, wherein the low melting point polymer is a polymer having a hardly soluble property in alcohol.
7. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein an areal weight of the carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range from 100 to 600 gm2.
8. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein a low melting point polymer is adhered dottedly or lineally on at least either the warp yarns or the weft yarns in the longitudinal direction of the yarns, and wherein portions of the intersections between the warp yarns and the weft yarns are bonded by means of the low melting point polymer.
9. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein the warp yarns and the weft yarns form a plain weave structure.
10. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein the warp yarns and the weft yarns form a 22 twill weave structure.
11. The prepreg, according to claim 1, wherein the warp yarns and the weft yarns form a plain weave structure; each of the auxiliary yarns is arranged between the warp yarns adjacent each other and is adhered with a polyamide having a low melting point on the surface thereof spirally at least in either S-direction or Z-direction; and each of the auxiliary yarns is arranged with at least two continuous ups pattern to the weft yarns.
12. The prepreg, according to claim 11, wherein each of the auxiliary yarns has a two continuous ups pattern after a two continuous downs pattern to the weft yarns.
13. The prepreg, according to claim 11, wherein each of the auxiliary yarns is arranged between the weft yarns adjacent each other and is adhered with a polyamide having a low melting point on the surface thereof spirally at least in either S-direction or Z-direction, and portions of the intersections between the auxiliary yarns arranged along the weft yarns and the warp yarns are bonded by means of the polyamide having a low melting point.
14. The prepreg, according to claim 11, wherein a polyamide having a low melting point is adhered dottedly or lineally on the weft yarns in the longitudinal direction of the yarns, and wherein portions of the intersections between the warp yarns and the weft yarns are bonded by means of the polyamide having a low melting point.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for handling congestion in a packet switched network domain comprising nodes, which are linked to each other transmitting data packets in the network domain the system comprising:
a core node for measuring overload, to mark data packets to encode and to signal the amount of overload; and
an egress node for receiving marked and not marked packets, decode the overload from the marked packets in a counting interval, identify flows to be terminated and report to ingress node to reduce the traffic volume, wherein
the core node is arranged to store the signaled amount of overload taking into account the previously signaled amount of overload.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the packet switched network domain is an Internet Protocol (IP) domain.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein in the core node an at least 3-state stamping procedure is implemented to encode overload information and to identify the flows that passed a congested link but are not marked.
4. A core node handling congestion in a packet switched network domain, the core node, comprising:
at least one incoming interface connected to at least one link;
a marker module encoding and signaling overload information of the congestion into data packets;
a routing module attached to the incoming interface, to a routing table and to queues;
a measurement module;
the queues being further connected to at least one outgoing interface and to the marker module receiving information from a module of congestion handling, wherein
the core node further comprises a storage means taking into account the previously signaled overload.
5. The core node of claim 4, wherein the marker module is arranged to generate an at least 3-state packet stamp, which is arranged to make an identification of the flows affected by the congestion.
6. The core node of claim 5, wherein a 3-state packet stamp involves stamps corresponding to packets that are carrying encoded overload information and packets that passed a congested link but are not carrying encoded overload information.
7. The core node of claim 5, wherein the packet stamp comprises an identification code of the core node to distinguish among different parallel congestions.
8. The core node of claim 5, wherein the packet stamp comprises a random value to distinguish among different parallel congestions.
9. The core node of claim 5, wherein the packet switched network domain is an Internet Protocol domain and the marker module is arranged to implement the stamping by the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) bits of the IP packet header.
10. The core node of claim 5, wherein the packet switched network domain is an Internet Protocol domain and the marker module is arranged to separate at least two bits from the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) for the stamp.
11. The core node of claim 5, wherein the packet switched network domain is an Internet Protocol domain and the marker module is arranged to implement the stamping by a network operator locally assigning at least two other DSCPs for each traffic class.
12. The core node of claim 4, wherein the marker module is arranged to apply a hysteresis algorithm with a higher bound used to detect congestion and to trigger the marking of data packets in proportion to the measured overload, and a lower bound used as the reference to measure the overload ratio.
13. The core node of claim 4, wherein the storage means is arranged to store the previously-signaled overload by sliding window.
14. An egress node for handling congestion in a packet switched network domain, the egress node comprising:
means for decoding overload from marked packets,
means for sending messages for a set of identified affected flows to be terminated;
means for adding new flows to the set of identified affected flows;
means for identifying affected flows so that their aggregated load is equal to the overload value derived from the marked packets; and
means for removing flows to be terminated from the set of affected flows.
15. The egress node of claim 14, wherein the means for decoding overload value of marked packets includes means for identifying packets that are carrying encoded overload information and packets that passed a congested link not carrying encoded overload information.
16. The egress node of claim 14, wherein the means for identifying flows to be terminated from the set of affected flows is arranged to select flows that are different from the flows terminated before.
17. The egress node of claim 16, wherein the egress node is arranged to select the flows to be terminated among the set of affected flows, which passed a congested core node, randomly or by taking into account properties of flows.
18. A method for congestion handling in a packet switched network domain comprising nodes, which are linked to each other transmitting data packets in the network domain, the method comprising the steps of:
measuring overload and marking data packets to encode and signal the amount of overload;
receiving marked and not marked packets;
decoding the overload from the marked packets in a counting interval;
identifying flows to be terminated;
sending congestion report messages to ingress nodes; and
terminating the flows in at least one ingress node, and
storing the signaled amount of overload taking into account the previously signaled overload.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of storing the signaled amount of overload is carried out by sliding windows.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of identifying the flows to be terminated is carried out by selecting flows different from the flows terminated before.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of marking data packets to encode and signal the amount of overload applies a hysteresis algorithm with a higher bound used to detect congestion and to trigger marking data packets in proportion to the measured overload, and a lower bound used as the reference to measure the overload ratio.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of terminating flows in at least one ingress node further comprises the flows to be terminated are randomly selected among the flows that pass a congested node.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein an at least 3-state stamping procedure is implemented, which identifies the data packets affected by the congestion.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein a 3-state stamping procedure involves stamps corresponding to packets that are carrying encoded overload information and packets that passed a congested link but are not carrying encoded overload information.