1. A semiconductor component arranged in a semiconductor body comprising at least one integrated radially symmetrical lateral resistance, wherein the differential resistance dR of the lateral resistance R is formed in location-independent fashion in such a way that the following holds true:
dRdrK,
where dr is the differential radius of the lateral resistance and K is an arbitrary constant.
2. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet resistance Rs is configured in radially location-dependent fashion.
3. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 2, wherein the differential resistance dR is radially constant.
4. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power dissipated in the resistance is radially constant.
5. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lateral resistance is arranged in a homogeneously doped resistance region of the semiconductor component, the resistance region having radially symmetrical inhomogeneities, which have a different electrically active doping concentration by comparison with the doping of the resistance region.
6. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities have an increased sheet resistance, produced by irradiation, compared to the resistance region.
7. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities have a higher doping concentration, produced by additional doping, than the resistance region.
8. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the width or the diameter of the spatial inhomogeneities decreases as the radius r increases.
9. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the distance between the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities increases in the radial direction as the radius r increases.
10. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the electrically active doping concentration of the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities decreases as the radius r increases.
11. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the depth with which the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities have been introduced into the semiconductor body, so that the sheet resistance is locally increased, increases as the radius r increases.
12. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the depth with which the resistance region has been introduced into the semiconductor body decreases as the radius r increases.
13. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the radially symmetrical inhomogeneities, in the projection of the surface of the semiconductor component, are formed as concentric annuli.
14. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inhomogeneities, in the projection of the surface of the semiconductor component, are formed as points or circles which are arranged concentrically.
15. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor component is formed as a thyristor, in particular as a high-voltage thyristor.
16. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 15, wherein the thyristor is formed in radially symmetrical fashion and has, in particular, radially symmetrical emitter regions.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A detector, comprising:
a magnetic field generator for providing a magnetic field lower than that of a superconducting magnet associated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection in association with a fluid proximate the magnetic field; and
a microcoil proximate the magnetic field for providing energy at a frequency sufficient for NMR detection of at least one magnetically-labeled object in the fluid when the fluid is proximate the magnetic field.
2. The detector of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generator comprises at least one permanent magnet.
3. The detector of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a background fluid and at least one magnetic label associated with the at least one magnetically-labeled object, the magnetic field sufficient to lengthen the relaxation time T2* of the background fluid without reducing the T2*-relaxivity of the at least one magnetic label.
4. The detector of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is about 0.5 T to about 1.04 T.
5. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil comprises a solenoid-shaped coil.
6. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil comprises a planar coil.
7. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 50 to about 550 microns.
8. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 75 to about 125 microns.
9. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 100 microns.
10. The detector of claim 1, further comprising a conduit proximate the magnetic field.
11. The detector of claim 10, wherein the conduit comprises a capillary tube.
12. The detector of claim 10, wherein the conduit is sufficient for fluid flow therethrough.
13. The detector of claim 10, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic wire disposed about the conduit.
14. The detector of claim 10, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic material deposited about the conduit.
15. The detector of claim 10, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a substrate.
16. The detector of claim 10, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a ceramic substrate.
17. The detector of claim 10, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a chip.
18. The detector of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises an aqueous fluid.
19. The detector of claim 1, wherein the fluid is optically unclear.
20. The detector of claim 1, wherein the object is a chemical object andor a biological object.
21. The detector of claim 1, wherein the object is dilute relative to the fluid.
22. The detector of claim 1, wherein the at least one magnetically-labeled object comprises an object labeled via at least one paramagnetic nanoparticle.
23. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil is sufficient for providing energy at a frequency sufficient for NMR detection of the at least one magnetically-labeled object in the fluid when the fluid is flowing proximate the magnetic field.
24. The detector of claim 1, wherein the NMR detection comprises identification of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
25. The detector of claim 1, wherein the NMR detection comprises determination of a presence or an absence of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
26. The detector of claim 1, wherein the NMR detection comprises relaxation time detection.
27. The detector of claim 1, wherein the NMR detection comprises spectroscopy.
28. The detector of claim 1, wherein the NMR detection comprises continuous detection.
29. The detector of claim 1, wherein the frequency is 44.2 MHz or less.
30. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microcoil has an inductance of 93 nH or less.
31. The detector of claim 1, further comprising a tuning circuit for forming an electrical circuit with the microcoil, the tuning circuit sufficient for tuning the microcoil to resonance at the frequency.
32. The detector of claim 31, wherein the tuning circuit is sufficient to provide an input impedance for the electrical circuit.
33. The detector of claim 31, wherein the tuning circuit is sufficient to transform the impedance of the microcoil.
34. The detector of claim 31, wherein the tuning circuit comprises capacitors.
35. The detector of claim 31, wherein the tuning circuit comprises an inductor in series or in parallel with the microcoil.
36. A detector, comprising:
a magnetic field generator for providing a magnetic field sufficient for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection in association with a fluid flowing proximate the magnetic field; and
a microcoil proximate the magnetic field for providing energy at a frequency sufficient for NMR detection of the at least one magnetically-labeled object in the fluid when the fluid is flowing proximate the magnetic field.
37. The detector of claim 36, wherein the magnetic field generator comprises at least one permanent magnet.
38. The detector of claim 36, wherein the fluid comprises a background fluid and at least one magnetic label associated with the at least one magnetically-labeled object, the magnetic field sufficient to lengthen the relaxation time T2* of the background fluid without reducing the T2*-relaxivity of the at least one magnetic label.
39. The detector of claim 36, wherein the magnetic field is lower than that of a superconducting magnet associated with NMR detection.
40. The detector of claim 36, wherein the magnetic field is about 0.5 T to about 1.04 T.
41. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil comprises a solenoid-shaped coil.
42. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil comprises a planar coil.
43. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 50 to about 550 microns.
44. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 75 to about 125 microns.
45. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 100 microns.
46. The detector of claim 36, further comprising a conduit proximate the magnetic field.
47. The detector of claim 46, wherein the conduit comprises a capillary tube.
48. The detector of claim 46, wherein the conduit is sufficient for fluid flow therethrough.
49. The detector of claim 46, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic wire disposed about the conduit.
50. The detector of claim 46, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic material deposited about the conduit.
51. The detector of claim 46, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a substrate.
52. The detector of claim 46, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a ceramic substrate.
53. The detector of claim 46, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a chip.
54. The detector of claim 36, wherein the fluid comprises an aqueous fluid.
55. The detector of claim 36, wherein the fluid is optically unclear.
56. The detector of claim 36, wherein the object is a chemical object or a biological object.
57. The detector of claim 36, wherein the object is dilute relative to the fluid.
58. The detector of claim 36, wherein the at least one magnetically-labeled object comprises an object labeled via at least one paramagnetic nanoparticle.
59. The detector of claim 36, wherein the NMR detection comprises identification of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
60. The detector of claim 36, wherein the NMR detection comprises determination of a presence or an absence of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
61. The detector of claim 36, wherein the NMR detection comprises relaxation time detection.
62. The detector of claim 36, wherein the NMR detection comprises spectroscopy.
63. The detector of claim 36, wherein the NMR detection comprises continuous detection.
64. The detector of claim 36, wherein the frequency is 44.2 MHz or less.
65. The detector of claim 36, wherein the microcoil has an inductance of 93 nH or less.
66. The detector of claim 36, further comprising a tuning circuit for forming an electrical circuit with the microcoil, the tuning circuit sufficient for tuning the microcoil to resonance at the frequency.
67. The detector of claim 66, wherein the tuning circuit is sufficient to provide an input impedance for the electrical circuit.
68. The detector of claim 66, wherein the tuning circuit is sufficient to transform the impedance of the microcoil.
69. The detector of claim 66, wherein the tuning circuit comprises capacitors.
70. The detector of claim 66, wherein the tuning circuit comprises an inductor in series or in parallel with the microcoil.
71. A method of detection, comprising:
providing a magnetic field sufficient for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection in association with a fluid flowing proximate the magnetic field;
flowing a fluid comprising at least one magnetically-labeled object proximate the magnetic field; and
activating a microcoil proximate the magnetic field to provide energy at a frequency sufficient for NMR detection of the at least one magnetically-labeled object in the fluid.
72. The method of claim 71, wherein the magnetic field generator comprises at least one permanent magnet.
73. The method of claim 71, wherein the fluid comprises a background fluid and at least one magnetic label associated with the at least one magnetically-labeled object, the magnetic field sufficient to lengthen the relaxation time T2* of the background fluid without reducing the T2*-relaxivity of the at least one magnetic label.
74. The method of claim 71, wherein the magnetic field is lower than that of a superconducting magnet associated with NMR detection.
75. The method of claim 71, wherein the magnetic field is about 0.5 T to about 1.04 T.
76. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil comprises a solenoid-shaped coil.
77. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil comprises a planar coil.
78. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 50 to about 550 microns.
79. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 75 to about 125 microns.
80. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil has an inner diameter of about 100 microns.
81. The method of claim 71, wherein said flowing comprises flowing the fluid via a conduit.
82. The method of claim 81, wherein the conduit comprises a capillary tube.
83. The method of claim 81, wherein the conduit is sufficient for fluid flow therethrough.
84. The method of claim 81, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic wire disposed about the conduit.
85. The method of claim 81, wherein the microcoil comprises metallic material deposited about the conduit.
86. The method of claim 81, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a substrate.
87. The method of claim 81, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a ceramic substrate.
88. The method of claim 81, wherein the microcoil and the conduit are disposed on a chip.
89. The method of claim 71, wherein the fluid comprises an aqueous fluid.
90. The method of claim 71, wherein the fluid is optically unclear.
91. The method of claim 71, wherein the object is a chemical object andor a biological object.
92. The method of claim 71, wherein the object is dilute relative to the fluid.
93. The method of claim 71, wherein the at least one magnetically-labeled object comprises an object labeled via at least one paramagnetic nanoparticle.
94. The method of claim 71, wherein the NMR detection comprises identification of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
95. The method of claim 71, wherein the NMR detection comprises determination of a presence or an absence of the at least one magnetically-labeled object.
96. The method of claim 71, wherein the NMR detection comprises relaxation time detection.
97. The method of claim 71, wherein the NMR detection comprises spectroscopy.
98. The method of claim 71, wherein the NMR detection comprises continuous detection.
99. The method of claim 71, wherein the frequency is 44.2 MHz or less.
100. The method of claim 71, wherein the microcoil has an inductance of 93 nH or less.
101. The method of claim 71, further comprising tuning the microcoil to resonance at the frequency.
102. The method of claim 101, wherein the tuning comprises providing an input impedance for the electrical circuit.
103. The method of claim 101, wherein the tuning comprises transforming the impedance of the microcoil.
104. The method of claim 101, wherein the tuning is via an electrical circuit comprising the microcoil and a tuning circuit that comprises capacitors.
105. The method of claim 101, wherein the tuning is via an electrical circuit comprising the microcoil and a tuning circuit that comprises an inductor.