1. A filter medium capable of removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising:
particles of activated carbon;
particles of a substantially insoluble inorganic material having an isoelectric point greater than a pH of a fluid being filtered;
a binder for binding the particles of activated carbon and particles of inorganic material;
wherein a first portion of the particles of inorganic material have a first mean particle size distribution and a second portion of the particles of inorganic material have a second mean particle size distribution, the first mean particle size distribution being larger than the second mean particle size distribution, and
wherein the filter medium is formed in a block or sheet.
2. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is a magnesium containing material.
3. A filter medium as recited in claim 2, wherein the inorganic material is magnesium hydroxide.
4. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the inorganic material has an isoelectric point greater than about 9 pH.
5. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the inorganic material has an isoelectric point greater than about 10 pH.
6. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is present in an amount between about 25 weight percent to about 45 weight percent of the total weight of the filter medium.
7. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder is an ultra high molecular weight polymer having a molecular weight greater than about 4 million.
8. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder is ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
9. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder has a melt index of less than about 1 gram per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load.
10. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the melt index of the binder is less than about 0.1 grams per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load.
11. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder is present in an amount between about 20 weight percent to about 35 weight percent of the total weight of the filter medium.
12. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein 75 grams of the filter medium performs a greater than 1\xd7104 plaque forming unitsmilliliter reduction of viruses after 100 gallons of water passes through the filter medium.
13. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the filter medium is cylindrically shaped with an outer diameter of less than about 4 inches and a maximum length between ends of the filter medium of less than about 3 inches.
14. A filter medium as recited in claim 13, wherein the filter medium performs a greater than 1\xd7104 plaque forming unitsmilliliter reduction of viruses after 100 gallons of water passes through the filter medium.
15. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein a mean pore size of pores formed by the particles and binder is between about 0.01 micron and about 10 microns.
16. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein a mean pore size of pores formed by the particles and binder is between about 0.1 micron and about 1 microns.
17. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the first mean particle size distribution is at least about twice as large as the second mean particle size distribution.
18. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the first mean particle size distribution is greater than about 10 \u03bcm, and the second mean particle size distribution is less than about 10 \u03bcms.
19. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the first portions of the particles of inorganic material are present at about 85% or more by weight based on a total weight of the inorganic material.
20. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one additional adsorptive material other than the activated carbon and inorganic material.
21. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the fluid is water.
22. A filter medium as recited in claim 1, wherein a percentage concentration of an inorganic cation provided by the inorganic material times pressure drop through the filter medium in pounds per square inch is at least about 0.5 g Mg\xb7lbg filter\xb7in2.
23. A method for removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising causing the fluid to flow through the filter medium of claim 1.
24. A device for removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising a water dispenser implementing the filter medium of claim 1.
25. A device for removing microorganisms from air, comprising the filter medium of claim 1.
26. A filter medium capable of removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising:
particles of activated carbon;
particles of magnesium hydroxide present at about 40% to about 50% by weight; and
a binder for binding the particles of activated carbon and inorganic material, the binder having a melt index of less than about 1 gram per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load, and
wherein the filter medium is formed in a block or sheet.
27. A filter medium capable of removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising:
particles of activated carbon;
particles of a substantially insoluble inorganic material having an isoelectric point greater than a pH of a fluid being filtered;
a binder for binding the particles of activated carbon and particles of inorganic material;
an antimicrobial material, and
wherein the filter medium is formed from a block or sheet.
28. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the inorganic material is a magnesium containing material.
29. A filter medium as recited in claim 28, wherein the inorganic material is magnesium hydroxide.
30. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the inorganic material has an isoelectric point greater than about 9 pH.
31. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the inorganic material has an isoelectric point greater than about 10 pH.
32. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the inorganic material is present in an amount between about 25 weight percent to about 45 weight percent of the total weight of the filter medium.
33. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the binder is an ultra high molecular weight polymer having a molecular weight greater than about 4 million.
34. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the binder is ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
35. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the binder has a melt index of less than about 1 gram per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load.
36. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the melt index of the binder is less than about 0.1 grams per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load.
37. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the binder is present in an amount between about 20 weight percent to about 35 weight percent of the total weight of the filter medium.
38. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein 75 grams of the filter medium performs a greater than 1\xd7104 plaque forming unitsmilliliter reduction of viruses after 100 gallons of water passes through the filter medium.
39. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the filter medium is cylindrically shaped with an outer diameter of less than about 4 inches and a maximum length between ends of the filter medium of less than about 3 inches.
40. A filter medium as recited in claim 39, wherein the filter medium performs a greater than 1\xd7104 plaque forming unitsmilliliter reduction of viruses after 100 gallons of water passes through the filter medium.
41. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein a mean pore size of pores formed by the particles and binder is between about 0.01 micron and about 10 microns.
42. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein a mean pore size of pores formed by the particles and binder is between about 0.1 micron and about 1 microns.
43. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein a first portion of the particles of inorganic material have a first mean particle size distribution and a second portion of the particles of inorganic material have a second mean particle size distribution, the first mean particle size distribution being larger than the second mean particle size distribution.
44. A filter medium as recited in claim 43, wherein the first mean particle size distribution is at least about twice as large as the second mean particle size distribution.
45. A filter medium as recited in claim 43, wherein the first mean particle size distribution is greater than about 10 \u03bcm, and the second mean particle size distribution is less than about 10 \u03bcms.
46. A filter medium as recited in claim 43, wherein the first portions of the particles of inorganic material are present at about 85% or more by weight based on a total weight of the inorganic material.
47. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the antimicrobial material is a silver-containing material.
48. A filter medium as recited in claim 47, wherein the antimicrobial material is a water-soluble silver-containing material.
49. A filter medium as recited in claim 48, wherein the antimicrobial material is selected from a group consisting of silver-impregnated zeolite and silver-impregnated zirconium phosphate.
50. A filter medium as recited in claim 47, wherein the antimicrobial material is a water-insoluble silver-containing material.
51. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the antimicrobial material is a polymeric matrix impregnated with a water-insoluble antimicrobial compound.
52. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, further comprising at least one additional adsorptive material other than the activated carbon and inorganic material.
53. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the fluid is water.
54. A filter medium as recited in claim 27, wherein a percentage concentration of an inorganic cation provided by the inorganic material times pressure drop through the filter medium in pounds per square inch is at least about 0.5 g Mg\xb7lbg filter\xb7in2.
55. A method for removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising causing the fluid to flow through the filter medium of claim 27.
56. A device for removing microorganisms from a fluid, comprising a water dispenser implementing the filter medium of claim 27.
57. A device for removing microorganisms from air, comprising the filter medium of claim 27.
58. A water dispenser, comprising:
a bottle receiving portion for receiving a bottle of water;
a filtration portion for filtering water received from the bottle, the filtration portion including a filter medium, wherein the filter medium is formed in a block or sheet; and comprises
particles of activated carbon;
particles of a substantially insoluble inorganic material having an isoelectric point greater than a pH of a fluid being filtered; and
a binder for binding the particles of activated carbon and particles of inorganic material, the binder having a melt index of less than about 1 gram per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C. and 15 kilograms load; and
a filtered water outlet.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, comprising:
a gate line;
a data line crossing the gate line and having a first color;
a switching thin-film transistor (TFT) electrically connected to the gate line and the data line;
a driving TFT electrically connected to the switching TFT;
an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) electrically connected to the driving TFT and comprising i) a pixel electrode, ii) an intermediate layer formed over the pixel electrode and including an organic emission layer, and iii) a counter electrode formed over the intermediate layer; and
a light absorption layer formed in a region at least partially overlapping the data line in plan view, and having a second color different from the first color.
2. The OLED display of claim 1, wherein the first and second colors are substantially complementary to each other.
3. The OLED display of claim 1, wherein the data line comprises a metal layer and a metal oxide layer formed on the metal layer.
4. The OLED display of claim 3, wherein the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are respectively a titanium (Ti) layer and a titanium oxide (TiOx) layer.
5. The OLED display of claim 1, wherein the driving TFT comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the same layer and formed of the same material as that of the data line, and wherein the source and drain electrodes have the first color.
6. The OLED display of claim 1, wherein the light absorption layer includes a pixel-defining film that at least partially covers opposing ends of the pixel electrode and defines a pixel region.
7. The OLED display of claim 1, further comprising a color filter formed over the OLED, wherein the light absorption layer is formed on the same layer as that of the color filter.
8. A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, the method comprising:
forming a gate line over a substrate;
forming a data line that crosses the gate line and has a first color; and
forming a light absorption layer in a region on the data line at least partially overlapping the data line in plan view, wherein the light absorption layer has a second color different from the first color.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second colors are substantially complementary to each other.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the forming of the data line comprises:
forming a metal layer;
oxidizing at least a portion of the metal layer with an electrolyte so as to form an oxidized portion of the metal layer; and
patterning the metal layer including the oxidized portion.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the metal layer is formed of titanium (Ti).
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising forming a driving thin-film transistor (TFT) comprising source and drain electrodes having the first color, wherein the source and drain electrodes are formed substantially simultaneously with the data line.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising forming an OLED electrically connected to the driving TFT,
wherein the forming of the OLED comprises:
forming a pixel electrode;
forming an intermediate layer comprising an organic emission layer over the pixel electrode; and
forming a counter electrode over the intermediate layer.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the light absorption layer includes a pixel-defining film that at least partially covers opposing ends of the pixel electrode and defines a pixel region.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising forming a color filter over the OLED, wherein the light absorption layer and the color filter are formed on the same layer.