1. A multiple description audio coding method, comprising:
dividing residual signals indicating current audio signal information into multiple frequency band parts having different frequencies;
respectively coding the multiple frequency band parts by using multiple description coding (MDC) methods with different speech quality; and
combining each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dividing residual signals indicating current audio signal information into multiple frequency band parts comprises:
setting more than one frequency threshold; and
dividing the residual signals into multiple frequency band parts according to the set more than one frequency threshold.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respectively coding the multiple frequency band parts by using MDC methods with different speech quality comprises one of:
among the divided multiple frequency band parts, coding frequency band parts having low frequencies by using a multiple description method with good speech quality and coding frequency band parts having high frequencies by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality; and
among the divided multiple frequency band parts, coding a frequency band part to which human ears are sensitive by using a multiple description method with good speech quality and coding a frequency band part to which human ears are insensitive by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein:
the multiple description method with good speech quality comprises: a scalar quantization multiple description method, a vector quantization multiple description method, or a matrix transform multiple description method; and
the multiple description method with poor speech quality comprises: an odd-even separation multiple description method.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combining each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals comprises:
generating multiple low-frequency description signal parts after frequency band parts having low frequencies are coded by using a multiple description method with good speech quality; and generating multiple high-frequency description signal parts after frequency band parts having high frequencies are coded by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality; and
combining the generated multiple low-frequency description signal parts and high-frequency description signal parts to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals.
6. A multiple description audio decoding method, comprising:
dividing received multiple description bit streams of residual signals into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies;
decoding the multiple description signal parts having different frequencies by using multiple description methods to obtain residual signal parts having different frequencies; and
combining the obtained residual signal parts having different frequencies to obtain residual signals indicating audio signal information through reconstruction.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when the multiple description signal parts having different frequencies comprise low-frequency description signal parts and high-frequency description signal parts, the method specifically comprises:
dividing the received multiple description bit streams of the residual signals into the low-frequency description signal parts and the high-frequency description signal parts;
decoding the low-frequency description signal parts by using multiple description methods to obtain low-frequency parts of the residual signals and decoding the high-frequency description signal parts by using multiple description methods to obtain high-frequency parts of the residual signals; and
combining the obtained low-frequency parts of the residual signals and high-frequency parts of the residual signals to obtain the residual signals indicating the audio signal information through reconstruction.
8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
decoding received parts of description bit streams if some of the multiple description bit streams are lost.
9. A multiple description audio coding apparatus, comprising:
a frequency band dividing unit, configured to divide residual signals indicating current audio signal information into multiple frequency band parts having different frequencies;
a multiple description coding (MDC) unit, configured to respectively code, by using MDC methods with different speech quality, the multiple frequency band parts divided by the frequency band dividing unit; and
a bit stream combining unit, configured to combine each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by the MDC unit by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the frequency band dividing unit comprises:
a threshold setting module, configured to set more than one frequency threshold and divide the residual signals according to the set frequency thresholds.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the MDC unit comprises:
a first coding module, configured to code a low-frequency part among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with good speech quality; and
a second coding module, configured to code a high-frequency part among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality.
12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the MDC unit further comprises:
a third coding module, configured to code a frequency band part to which human ears are sensitive among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with good speech quality; and
a fourth coding module, configured to code a frequency band part to which human ears are insensitive among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality.
13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the bit stream combining unit comprises:
more than two bit stream combining subunits, configured to combine each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals;
wherein each bit stream combining subunit combines one description signal part of each of frequency band parts after being coded to form a description bit stream of the residual signals.
14. A multiple description audio decoding apparatus, comprising:
a frequency signal dividing unit, configured to divide received multiple description bit streams of residual signals into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies;
a multiple description decoding unit, configured to decode the multiple description signal parts having different frequencies by using multiple description methods to obtain residual signal parts having different frequencies; and
a signal combining unit, configured to combine the obtained residual signal parts having different frequencies to obtain residual signals indicating audio signal information through reconstruction.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the frequency signal dividing unit comprises:
more than two frequency signal dividing subunits, configured to divide the received multiple description bit streams of residual signals into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies;
wherein each frequency signal dividing subunit divides one description bit stream into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies.
16. A multiple description audio coding and decoding system, comprising a multiple description audio coding apparatus and a multiple description audio decoding apparatus,
wherein the multiple description audio coding apparatus, comprises:
a frequency band dividing unit, configured to divide residual signals indicating current audio signal information into multiple frequency band parts having different frequencies;
a multiple description coding (MDC) unit, configured to respectively code, by using MDC methods with different speech quality, the multiple frequency band parts divided by the frequency band dividing unit; and
a bit stream combining unit, configured to combine each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by the MDC unit by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals; and
wherein the multiple description audio decoding apparatus, comprising:
a frequency signal dividing unit, configured to divide received multiple description bit streams of residual signals into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies;
a multiple description decoding unit, configured to decode the multiple description signal parts having different frequencies by using multiple description methods to obtain residual signal parts having different frequencies; and
a signal combining unit, configured to combine the obtained residual signal parts having different frequencies to obtain residual signals indicating audio signal information through reconstruction.
17. The multiple description audio coding and decoding system according to claim 16, wherein the MDC unit comprises:
a first coding module, configured to code a low-frequency part among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with good speech quality; and
a second coding module, configured to code a high-frequency part among the divided multiple frequency band parts by using a multiple description method with poor speech quality.
18. The multiple description audio coding and decoding system according to claim 16, wherein the bit stream combining unit comprises:
more than two bit stream combining subunits, configured to combine each of description signal parts that are generated after coding is performed by using different MDC methods to form multiple description bit streams of the residual signals;
wherein each bit stream combining subunit combines one description signal part of each of frequency band parts after being coded to form a description bit stream of the residual signals.
19. The multiple description audio coding and decoding system according to claim 16, wherein the frequency signal dividing unit comprises:
more than two frequency signal dividing subunits, configured to divide the received multiple description bit streams of residual signals into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies;
wherein each frequency signal dividing subunit divides one description bit stream into multiple description signal parts having different frequencies.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A composition comprising:
from about 12 wt % to about 50 wt % of a thermoplastic elastomer with a Shore hardness less than 50D as measured in accordance with ASTM D2240;
from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of a polar olefin-based polymer;
from about 48 wt % to about 75 wt % of a flame retardant comprising a metal hydrate and an oligomeric phosphate ester, wherein the weight ratio of metal hydrate to oligomeric phosphate ester is greater than 2.0-4.0:1;
wherein the metal hydrate is present in an amount of 37 wt % to 45 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition, and the oligomeric phosphate ester is present in an amount of 15 wt % to 25 wt % based on the total weight of the composition, and the oligomeric phosphate ester has the structure (II)
wherein R is independently a divalent C1-C20 linear, branched or cyclic alkylene or alkylidene radical, or a divalent C6-C30 arylene radical having one or more aromatic nuclei, or a substituted derivative of any of same;
Z is independently selected from the group consisting of (i) monovalent C1-C20 linear, branched or cyclic alkylene or alkylidene radical, (ii) monovalent C6-C30 arylene radicals having one or more aromatic nuclei or substituted derivatives of any of same, or (iii) a hydrogen radical;
each m is independently 0 or 1,
n is from 1 to 10; and
the composition has (A) a Shore hardness of less than 50D as measured in accordance with ASTM D 2240, (B) an elongation at break from 300% to 650% as measured in accordance with ASTM D 638, and (C) a VW-1 rating as determined in accordance with method 1080 of UL-1581.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester elastomer, polyamide elastomer, and combinations thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the oligomeric phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate), bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), bisphenol A polyphosphate and combinations thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polar olefin-based polymer is ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
5. An article comprising:
at least one component composed of the composition of claim 1.
6. The article of claim 5 comprising a metal conductor and a coating on the metal conductor, the coating comprising the composition.
7. The article of claim 6 wherein the coated metal conductor has a VW-1 rating as determined in accordance with method 1080 of UL-1581.
8. The article of claim 6 wherein the thermoplastic elastomer comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane.
9. The article of claim 6 wherein the coating has a tensile elongation at break from 200% to 700% as measured in accordance with ASTM D 638.