What is claimed is:
1. A non-asbestos friction material comprising:
a fibrous reinforcement;
a friction modifier;
a binder; and
a soluble amorphous substance mixed as friction material components,
wherein the soluble amorphous substance is a composition composed of SiO2 as a principal component, 18 to 40 wt % of at least one kind of CaO and MgO, less than 10 wt % of at least one kind of Al2O3 and ZrO2, and less than 2 wt % of at least one kind of Na2O, K2O, FeO and Fe2O3.
2. The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, wherein the soluble amorphous substance is mixed in a range of from 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a total of said friction material.
3. The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, wherein the soluble amorphous substance is fibrous or granular.
4. The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, wherein the soluble amorphous substance is formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter in a range of from 2 m to 9 m and an average fiber length in a range of from 100 m to 1,500 m.
5. The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, wherein the soluble amorphous substance is formed of grains having an average grain size in a range of from 2 m to 100 m.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An aqueous soil treatment composition comprising water and,
(a) a calcium compound,
(b) a water-soluble anionic polymer which has intrinsic viscosity of less than 30 dlg and is formed from water-soluble monomer or monomer blend of which less than 40% by weight is anionic monomer.
2. A composition according to claim 1 which is a solution.
3. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) has intrinsic viscosity of less than 20 dlg.
4. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) is formed from water-soluble monomer or monomer blend comprising from 2 to 35% by weight anionic monomer.
5. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) is formed from water-soluble monomer blend comprising from 2 to 35% by weight anionic monomer and from 98 to 65% by weight non-ionic monomer.
6. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) is a copolymer of acrylamide with an alkali metal salt of acrylic acid.
7. A composition according to claim 1 in which the calcium compound (a) is calcium chloride.
8. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 2% by weight.
9. A composition according to claim 1 in which the calcium compound (a) is present in an amount which provides calcium in a concentration of from 0.5 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
10. A composition according to claim 1 which has a viscosity of not more than 2000 cPs.
11. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polymer (b) has been added to the composition in the form of a powder.
12. A soil treatment process comprising irrigating an area of soil with water to which has been added an aqueous soil treatment composition as defined in claim 1.
13. A process according to claim 12 in which the irrigation is by furrow irrigation, drip irrigation or spray irrigation.
14. A process according to claim 12 in which water is pumped through feed ducting and a mixing zone to a spray manifold supplying one or more spraying devices by which the water is sprayed onto a crop area and the aqueous soil treatment composition is metered into the water at or before the mixing zone.
15. A method for the production of an aqueous soil treatment composition as defined in claim 1 comprising providing an aqueous solution of calcium compound (a) and mixing with it polymer (b) in powder form.