1. A constant-bandwidth variable gain amplifier (VGA), comprising:
a first transistor having a first source;
a second transistor having a second source;
a parasitic capacitance coupled between the first and second sources; and
a degeneration branch coupled between the first and second sources via a controllable switch, the degeneration branch including a parallel combination of a degeneration resistor and a compensation capacitor,
wherein the compensation capacitor has a capacitance substantially equal to a decrease in a resistance coupled between the first and second sources that occurs as a result of the degeneration resistor being coupled between the first and second sources.
2. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, wherein the degeneration branch further comprises:
a first controllable switch coupled between the first source and a first node of the parallel combination of the degeneration resistor and the compensation capacitor; and
a second controllable switch coupled between the second source and a second node of the parallel combination of the degeneration resistor and the compensation capacitor.
3. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 2, wherein the gain of the constant-bandwidth VGA is controllable by switching onoff the first and second controllable switches.
4. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, wherein the small-signal voltage gain of the constant-bandwidth VGA includes a zero that has a frequency location substantially determined by the resistance coupled between the first and second sources and the parasitic capacitance.
5. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 4, wherein the frequency location of the zero remains substantially constant when the degeneration resistor is coupled to and decoupled from the first and second sources.
6. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, wherein:
the gain of the constant bandwidth VGA decreases when the degeneration resistor is coupled between the first and second sources; and
the gain of the constant bandwidth VGA increases when the degeneration resistor is decoupled from the first and second sources.
7. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 6, wherein the bandwidth of the constant-bandwidth VGA remains substantial constant over different gain settings.
8. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of degeneration branches coupled between the first and second sources via controllable switches, each degeneration branch including a parallel combination of a degeneration resistor and a compensation capacitor.
9. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the compensation capacitor is determined during simulation.
10. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim 1, wherein the degeneration resistor is formed from polysilicon and the compensation capacitor is formed from metal on a semiconductor substrate.
11. The constant-bandwidth VGA of claim, 10 wherein the compensation capacitor resides on top of the degeneration resistor on the semiconductor substrate, thereby conserving area.
12. An automatic gain control (AGC) loop, comprising:
a constant-bandwidth variable gain amplifier (VGA) configured to receive an input signal and provide as output an amplified version of the input signal; and
an automatic gain controller configured to receive the amplified version of the input signal and adjust the gain of constant-bandwidth VGA based on a function of the amplified version of the input signal,
wherein the constant-bandwidth VGA comprises:
a first transistor having a first source;
a second transistor having a second source;
a parasitic capacitance coupled between the first and second sources; and
a degeneration branch coupled between the first and second sources via a controllable switch, the degeneration branch including a parallel combination of a degeneration resistor and a compensation capacitor,
wherein the compensation capacitor has a capacitance substantially equal to a decrease in a resistance coupled between the first and second sources that occurs as a result of the degeneration resistor being coupled between the first and second sources.
13. The AGC loop of claim 12, wherein the degeneration branch further comprises:
a first controllable switch coupled between the first source and a first node of the parallel combination of the degeneration resistor and the compensation capacitor; and
a second controllable switch coupled between the second source and a second node of the parallel combination of the degeneration resistor and the compensation capacitor.
14. The AGC loop of claim 13, wherein the gain of the constant-bandwidth VGA is controllable by switching onoff the first and second controllable switches.
15. The AGC loop of claim 12, wherein the small-signal voltage gain of the constant-bandwidth VGA includes a zero that has a frequency location substantially determined by the resistance coupled between the first and second sources and the parasitic capacitance.
16. The AGC loop of claim 15, wherein the frequency location of the zero remains substantially constant when the degeneration resistor is coupled to and decoupled from the first and second sources.
17. The AGC loop of claim 12, wherein:
the gain of the constant bandwidth VGA decreases when the degeneration resistor is coupled between the first and second sources; and
the gain of the constant bandwidth VGA increases when the degeneration resistor is decoupled from the first and second sources.
18. The AGC loop of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the constant-bandwidth VGA remains substantial constant over different gain settings.
19. The AGC loop of claim 12, further comprising a plurality of degeneration branches coupled between the first and second sources via controllable switches, each degeneration branch including a parallel combination of a degeneration resistor and a compensation capacitor.
20. The AGC loop of claim 12, wherein the capacitance of the compensation capacitor is determined during simulation.
21. The AGC loop of claim 12, wherein the AGC loop is implemented in a serial receiver.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the method comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field.
2. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on motion information of at least one field occurring prior to said current field.
3. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately above said output pixel.
4. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field.
5. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately below said output pixel.
6. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field.
7. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately prior to said current field.
8. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately after said current field.
9. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels on at least one present line of a second field occurring after said current field.
10. The method according to claim 1, comprising determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a third field occurring after said current field.
11. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field.
12. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on motion information of at least one field occurring prior to said current field.
13. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately above said output pixel.
14. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field.
15. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately below said output pixel.
16. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field.
17. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately prior to said current field.
18. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately after said current field.
19. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels on at least one present line of a second field occurring after said current field.
20. The machine-readable storage according to claim 11, wherein said at least one code section comprises code for determining said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a third field occurring after said current field.
21. A system for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the system comprising:
at least one processor that defines an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
said at least one processor determines a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field.
22. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on motion information stored in a memory of at least one field occurring prior to said current field.
23. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately above said output pixel.
24. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field.
25. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a pixel immediately below said output pixel.
26. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field.
27. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately prior to said current field.
28. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a field occurring immediately after said current field.
29. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels on at least one present line of a second field occurring after said current field.
30. The system according to claim 21, wherein said at least one processor determines said output pixel value based on a plurality of pixels in a present line at the same vertical position as said output pixel of a third field occurring after said current field.
31. A method for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the method comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
32. A method for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the method comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.
33. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
34. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.
35. A system for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the system comprising:
at least one processor that defines an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
said at least one processor determines a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
36. A system for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the system comprising:
at least one processor that defines an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
said at least one processor determines a value for said output pixel based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.
37. A method for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the method comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
38. A method for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the method comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.
39. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
40. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
defining an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
determining a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.
41. A system for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the system comprising:
at least one processor that defines an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
said at least one processor determines a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately above said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately above said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately above said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately above said output pixel.
42. A system for determining an output frame using a pixel constellation, the system comprising:
at least one processor that defines an output pixel in a current output frame to be determined in a first absent line of a current field; and
said at least one processor determines a value for said output pixel using 3:2 pulldown deinterlacing and motion adaptive deinterlacing based on:
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line above said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of horizontal pixels in at least one present line below said first absent line of said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field prior to said current field;
a plurality of pixels in at least one present line of at least one field after said current field; and
a plurality of pixels in a present line immediately below said first absent line of said current field, wherein said plurality of pixels correspond to a pixel immediately below said output pixel, two pixels to the right of said pixel immediately below said output pixel, and two pixels to the left of said pixel immediately below said output pixel.