1. A method of decoding a multi-channel signal, the method comprising:
decoding a down-mixed signal representative of a multi-channel signal;
decoding parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal;
estimating an additional parameter by using the decoded parameters; and
up-mixing the down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters and the estimated parameter so as to decode the multi-channel signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the decoded parameters are parameters that represent an inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal and an inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal, and the estimated parameter is a phase parameter that represents a phase difference between the decoded down-mixed signal and the multi-channel signal.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the estimating of the additional parameter comprises:
multiplying intermediate variables generated from the inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal by the decoded down-mixed signal to generate a first signal and a second signal;
generating a third signal from the inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal and the first and second signals; and
estimating the phase parameter from the first, second and third signals.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the decoding of the down-mixed signal comprises:
decoding information on a domain in which the down-mixed signal is encoded; and
decoding the down-mixed signal in a time domain or a frequency domain according to the decoded information.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the up-mixing of the down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters and the estimated parameter so as to decode the multi-channel signal comprises interpolating a first phase of the down-mixed signal in a current frame and a second phase of the down-mixed signal in a previous frame to calculate the phase of the down-mixed signal, and changing an interpolation direction according to whether the absolute value of a difference between the first phase and the second phase is greater than 180\xb0.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the decoding of the parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal comprises performing context-based arithmetic decoding to decode the parameters.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising inversely transforming the up-mixed signal into a time domain.
8. A computer readable recording medium storing a program for executing a method of decoding a multi-channel signal comprising:
decoding a down-mixed signal representative of a multi-channel signal;
decoding parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal;
estimating an additional parameter by using the decoded parameters; and
up-mixing the down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters and the estimated parameter so as to decode the multi-channel signal.
9. A method of decoding a multi-channel signal, the method comprising:
decoding information on a domain in which a down-mixed signal representative of a multi-channel signal is encoded;
decoding the down-mixed signal in a time domain or a frequency domain according to the decoded information;
decoding parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal; and
up-mixing the decoded down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters so as to decode the multi-channel signal.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising estimating an additional parameter by using the decoded parameters, and wherein the decoding of the multi-channel signal comprises up-mixing the decoded down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters and the estimated parameter so as to decode the multi-channel signal.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the decoded parameters are parameters that represent an inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal and an inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal, and the estimated parameter is a phase parameter that represents a phase difference between the decoded down-mixed signal and the multi-channel signal.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the estimating of the additional parameter comprises:
multiplying intermediate variables generated from the inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal by the decoded down-mixed signal to generate a first signal and a second signal;
generating a third signal from the inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal and the first and second signals; and
estimating the phase parameter from the first, second and third signals.
13. A method of encoding a multi-channel signal, the method comprising:
encoding a signal obtained by down-mixing a multi-channel signal;
extracting parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal from the multi-channel signal;
encoding some of the extracted parameters other than a parameter that can be estimated from the some of the extracted parameters; and
outputting the encoded down-mixed signal and the encoded parameters as a multi-channel signal encoding result.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the some of the extracted parameters represent an inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal and an inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal, and the other parameter is a phase parameter that represents a phase difference between the down-mixed signal and the multi-channel signal.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising transforming the multi-channel signal into a domain in which both the magnitude and phase of the multi-channel signal can be represented, and wherein the encoding of the signal obtained by down-mixing the multi-channel signal comprises down-mixing the transformed multi-channel signal and encoding the down-mixed signal, and the extracting of the parameters comprises extracting the parameters from the transformed multi-channel signal.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the extracting of the parameters comprises extracting a parameter that represents an inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal by using an energy level ratio of the multi-channel signal for each frequency band.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the extracting of the parameters comprises extracting a first phase parameter that represents an inter-channel phase difference of channels of the multi-channel signal and a second phase parameter that represents a phase difference between the multi-channel signal and the down-mixed signal.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the extracting of the parameters comprises extracting a parameter that represents inter-channel coherence of the multi-channel signal by using the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the encoding of some of the extracted parameters comprises quantizing the some of the extracted parameters and arithmetic-encoding a result of the quantization based on the context of the quantization result.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the arithmetic-encoding of the quantization result comprises determining the probability that current symbols representing the quantization result are output according to a symbol in a previous frame or a previous frequency band based on the context.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the arithmetic-encoding of the quantization result comprises determining the probability that current symbols representing the quantization result are output according to at least one symbol in a previous frame or a previous frequency band and a predetermined variable on the basis of the context of frames or frequency bands, the predetermined variable representing whether two arbitrary symbols from among the current symbols continuously increase or decrease.
22. The method of claim 15, wherein the encoding of the down-mixed signal comprises:
inversely transforming the multi-channel signal into a time domain; and
encoding the inversely transformed multi-channel signal in the time domain.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein the encoding of the down-mixed signal comprises:
inversely transforming the multi-channel signal into the time domain; and
encoding the inversely transformed multi-channel signal in the time domain or transforming the inversely transformed multi-channel signal into a frequency domain or timefrequency domain and encoding the transformed multi-channel signal in the frequency domain or timefrequency domain according to the type of the multi-channel signal.
24. A multi-channel signal decoding system comprising:
a down-mixed signal decoder to decode a down-mixed signal representative of a multi-channel signal;
a parameter decoder to decode parameters that represent characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal;
an overall phase difference (OPD) estimator to estimate OPD that represents a phase difference between the decoded down-mixed signal and the multi-channel signal by using the decoded parameters; and
an up-mixing unit to up-mix the decoded down-mixed signal by using the decoded parameters and the estimated OPD.
25. The multi-channel signal decoding system of claim 24, wherein the parameters representing characteristic relations between channels of the multi-channel signal represent an inter-channel intensity difference of the multi-channel signal and an inter-channel phase difference of the multi-channel signal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of bulk import in a directory server, comprising:
defining extended operations for bulk import on a server and a client; and
importing a plurality of entries into the directory server through a series of LDAP add operations framed by extended operations for bulk import.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
importing the plurality of entries remotely.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
importing state information within the plurality of entries.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying extended operations for bulk import by an object identifier.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
suspending all operations except LDAP operations necessary for bulk import when bulk import commences.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the extended operations for bulk import specify an object identifier and data specific to extended operations.
7. A method of bulk import in a directory server, comprising:
defining extended operations for bulk import on a server and a client;
importing plurality of entries into the directory server through a series of LDAP add operations framed by extended operations for bulk import;
importing the plurality of entries remotely;
importing state information within the plurality of entries;
identifying extended operations for bulk import by an object identifier; and
suspending all operations except LDAP operations necessary for bulk import once bulk import commences,
wherein the extended operations for bulk import specify an object identifier and data specific to extended operations.
8. A method of bulk import in a directory server, comprising:
defining an extended operation for bulk import on a server and a client;
sending an extended operation request from the client to the server;
performing the extended operation for bulk import after receiving the extended operation request from the server;
sending a response of the server back to the client specifying an object identifier of the extended operation and data specific to the extended operation; and
performing a series of LDAP add operations framed by the extended operation for bulk import to import a plurality of entries into the directory server.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
importing the plurality of entries remotely.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
importing state information within the plurality of entries.
11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying the extended operations for bulk import by an object identifier.
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
suspending all operations except LDAP operations necessary for bulk import when bulk import commences.
13. A method of bulk import in a directory server, comprising:
defining an extended operation for bulk import on a server and a client;
sending an extended operation request from the client to the server;
performing the extended operation for bulk import after receiving the extended operation request from the server;
sending a response of the server back to the client specifying an object identifier of the extended operation and data specific to the extended operation;
performing a series of LDAP add operations framed by the extended operation for bulk import a to import plurality of entries into the directory server;
importing the plurality of entries remotely;
importing state information within the plurality of entries;
identifying the extended operations for bulk import by an object identifier; and
suspending all operations except LDAP operations necessary for bulk import when bulk import commences.
14. A bulk import system for a directory server, comprising:
a processor;
a memory,
extended operations for bulk import defined on a server and a client; and
software instructions residing in memory executable on the processor for performing a series of LDAP add operations framed by extended operations for bulk import to import an plurality of entries into the directory server.
15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a back-end portion for use by a fast replica initialization component and a wire import component.
16. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a fast replica initialization component comprising a front-end portion; and
a back-end portion connected to the front-end portion, wherein an LDAP protocol is transferred between the front-end portion and the back-end portion to import a plurality of entries and any state information contained in the plurality of entries into the directory server.
17. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a wire import comprising a front-end portion; and
a back-end portion connected to the front-end portion, wherein an LDAP protocol is transferred between the front-end portion and the back-end portion to import the plurality of entries into the directory server.
18. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
state information contained within the plurality of entries.
19. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
an object identifier that identifies the extended operations for bulk import.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of entries is remotely imported.
21. The system of claim 14, wherein all operations are suspended except LDAP operations necessary for bulk import when bulk import commences.
22. A bulk import system for a directory server, comprising:
a processor;
a memory,
extended operations for bulk import defined on a server and a client;
software instructions residing in memory executable on the processor for performing a series of LDAP add operations framed by extended operations for bulk import to import plurality of entries into the directory server;
a back-end portion for use by a fast replica initialization component and a wire import component;
state information contained within the plurality of entries; and
an object identifier that identifies the extended operations for bulk import.
23. A bulk import apparatus for a directory server, comprising:
means for defining extended operations for bulk import on a server and a client; and
means for importing a plurality of entries into the directory server using the extended operations for bulk import.
24. A bulk import apparatus for a directory server, comprising:
means for defining an extended operation for bulk import on a server and a client;
means for sending an extended operation request from the client to the server;
means for performing the extended operation for bulk import after receiving the extended operation request from the server;
means for sending a response of the server back to the client specifying an object identifier of the extended operation and data specific to the extended operation; and
means for performing a series of LDAP add operations framed by the extended operations for bulk import to import a plurality of entries into the directory server.