1. An apparatus for processing a hydrocarbon resource comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) source; and
an RF applicator coupled to said RF source and comprising
an electrically conductive base member, and
first and second electrically conductive elongate members having proximal ends coupled to said electrically conductive base member and extending outwardly therefrom in a generally parallel spaced apart relation,
said first and second electrically conductive elongate members having distal ends configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therebetween; and
an electrically conductive enclosure surrounding said RF applicator, said electrically conductive enclosure having a passageway therethrough aligned with the distal ends of said first and second electrically conductive elongate members to accommodate a flow of the hydrocarbon resource therebetween.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said RF source and said RF applicator are configured to generate electrical fields between the distal ends of said first and second electrically conductive elongate members to perform at least one of heating, dehydrating, cracking and hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon resource.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said RF applicator further comprises at least one tuning member coupled between said first and second electrically conductive elongate members.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a coaxial feedline coupling said RF source to said first and second electrically conductive elongate members.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said RF source is configured to supply RF power at 27 MHz.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a hydrocarbon separator downstream from said RF applicator and being configured to generate hydrocarbon fractions.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising a hydrocarbon processor downstream from said hydrocarbon separator and being configured to generate at least one liquid fuel from the hydrocarbon fractions.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon resource comprises at least one of oil sand, bitumen, pipeline diluted bitumen, crude oil, and synthetic crude oil.
9. An apparatus for processing a hydrocarbon resource comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) source;
an RF applicator coupled to said RF source and comprising
an electrically conductive base member, and
first and second electrically conductive elongate members having proximal ends coupled to said electrically conductive base member and extending outwardly therefrom in a generally parallel spaced apart relation, said first and second electrically conductive elongate members having distal ends configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therebetween, and
first and second electrically conductive plates and coupled to respective distal ends of said first and second electrically conductive elongate members; and
an electrically conductive enclosure surrounding said RF applicator, said electrically conductive enclosure having a passageway therethrough aligned with the distal ends of said first and second electrically conductive elongate members to accommodate a flow of the hydrocarbon resource therebetween.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said RF source and said RF applicator are configured to generate electrical fields between the distal ends of said first and second electrically conductive elongate members to perform at least one of heating, dehydrating, cracking and hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon resource.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said first and second plates are arranged in parallel opposing relation.
12. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said RF applicator further comprises at least one tuning member coupled between said first and second elongate members.
13. The apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising a coaxial feedline coupling said RF source to said first and second electrically conductive elongate members.
14. A method for processing a hydrocarbon resource comprising:
applying radio frequency (RF) power from an RF source to an RF applicator coupled to the RF source, the RF applicator comprising
an electrically conductive base member conductive, and
first and second electrically conductive elongate members having proximal ends coupled to the electrically conductive base member and extending outwardly therefrom in a generally parallel spaced apart relation, the first and second electrically conductive elongate members having distal ends;
flowing the hydrocarbon resource between the distal ends to process the hydrocarbon resource with the RF power; and
flowing the hydrocarbon resource through a passageway in an enclosure being electrically conductive and surrounding the RF applicator, the passageway being aligned with the distal ends of the first and second elongate members.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein applying RF power comprises applying RF power so that the RF source and the RF applicator cooperate to generate electrical fields between the distal ends of the first and second electrically conductive elongate members to perform at least one of heating, dehydrating, cracking and hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon resource.
16. The method according to claim 14 wherein applying the RF power comprises applying the RF power at 27 MHz.
17. The method according to claim 14 further comprising generating hydrocarbon fractions using a hydrocarbon separator downstream from the RF applicator.
18. The method according to claim 17 further comprising generating at least one liquid fuel from the hydrocarbon fractions using a hydrocarbon processor downstream from the hydrocarbon separator.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound corresponding to Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or prodrug thereof:
wherein:
each of X1 and X2 is independently CH, CRa, or N, provided that at least one of X1 or X2 is CR1;
X3 is CH, CRb, or N;
Y is CH or N;
Ra at each occurrence is independently alkenyl, alkynyl, OR1, C(O)NR2R3, C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), C(O)OR2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), SR2, SO2R2, SO2NR2R3, NR2SO2R3, SO3R2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2C(O)R3, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2C(O)(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), NR2\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3; or NR2\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1);
Rb is optional, and when present at each occurrence is independently R2, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylene-R1, NH(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), OR1, OR2, NR2R3, NO2, C(O)NR2R3, C(O)OR2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3, SR2, SO2R2, SO2NR2R3, NR2SO2R3, SO3R2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2(O)R3, or N\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3;
R1 at each occurrence is independently selected from aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl; and
R2 and R3 are at each occurrence independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or R2 and R3, are taken together, to form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl.
2. The compound of claim 1, corresponding to Formula (II):
3. The compound of claim 2, corresponding to Formula (III):
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein X1 is CRa and X2 is CH.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein Ra is SO2(alkyl), C(O)NH2, C(O)NH\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-heterocyclyl, SO2NR2R3, or O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NH\u2014(C\u2014C6 alkylene)-heterocyclyl.
6. The compound of claim 5 selected from the group consisting of:
7. The compound of claim 3, wherein X1 is CH and X2 is CRa.
8. The compound of claim 7 wherein Ra is C(O)NR2R3 or SO2R2.
9. The compound of claim 8 selected from the group consisting of
10. The compound of claim 7, wherein Ra is C(O)NH\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-heterocyclyl.
11. The compound of claim 10 that is:
12. A composition comprising the compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. A method of modulating tyrosine kinase activity comprising administering an effective amount of the compound of claim 1, whereby activity of said tyrosine kinase is altered.
14. A method of modulating angiogenesis comprising administering an effective amount of the compound of claim 1, whereby said compound modulates a tyrosine kinase involved in angiogenesis.
15. A method of treating a disease characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 to a patient in need thereof.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said disease is cancer and is selected from cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx, or lung.
17. A method of treating an inflammatory disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 to a patient in need thereof.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said inflammatory disease is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, or delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
19. A method for preparing the compound of claim 1, said method comprising combining compound corresponding to formula (IV):
with a compound corresponding to Formula (V) in the presence of a palladium catalyst, wherein said compound of Formula (V) corresponds to:
wherein:
L is a leaving group;
each of X1 and X2 is independently CH, CRa, or N, provided that at least one of X1 or X2 is CRa;
X3 is CH, CRb, or N;
Y is CH or N;
Ra at each occurrence is independently alkenyl, alkynyl, OR1, C(O)NR2R3, C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), C(O)OR2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), SR2, SO2R2, SO2NR2R3, NR2SO2R3, SO3R2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2C(O)R3, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2C(O)(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), NR2\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3; or NR2\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2(C1-C6 alkylene-R1);
Rb is optional, and when present at each occurrence is independently R2, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylene-R1, NH(C1-C6 alkylene-R1), OR1, OR2, NR2R3, NO2, C(O)NR2R3, C(O)OR2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3, SR2, SO2R2, SO2NR2R3, NR2SO2R3, SO3R2, O\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-NR2C(O)R3, or N\u2014(C1-C6 alkylene)-C(O)NR2R3;
R1 at each occurrence is independently selected from aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl; and
R2 and R3 are at each occurrence independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or R2 and R3, are taken together, to form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein L is Br, I, or triflate.