What is claimed is:
1. A reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system for use in photoplethysmography comprising:
an input drive lead extending between an associated input drive lead terminal and an associated light signal emitter input terminal;
a return drive lead extending between a light signal emitter output terminal and a return drive lead terminal; and
a sense lead extending between said light signal emitter output terminal and a sense lead terminal;
wherein a voltage drop across a light signal emitter operable to illuminate a patient tissue site and connected between the light signal emitter input terminal and the light signal emitter output terminal when a drive current is applied therethrough via said input drive lead is determinable from a first voltage drop and a second voltage drop, said first voltage drop being measurable across the input drive lead terminal and the sense lead terminal and said second voltage drop being measurable across the sense lead terminal and the return drive lead terminal.
2. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 1 wherein the voltage drop across said light signal emitter is determinable by subtracting the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
3. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 1 wherein said light signal emitter comprises one of a light-emitting diode and a laser diode.
4. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 1 wherein said input drive lead and said return drive lead comprise substantially equal length wires made of the same material and having substantially equal diameters.
5. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sensing system of claim 4 wherein the wires comprising said input drive lead and said return drive lead are disposed within the same sheath.
6. A reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system for use in photoplethysmography comprising:
a plurality of input drive leads, each said input drive lead extending between an associated separate one of a corresponding plurality of input drive lead terminals associated therewith and an associated separate one of a corresponding plurality of light signal emitter input terminals;
a common return lead extending between a common light signal emitter output terminal and a common return lead terminal; and
a sense lead extending between said common light signal emitter output terminal and a sense lead terminal;
wherein a voltage drop across any one of a plurality of light signal emitters operable to illuminate a patient tissue site and connected between separate ones of said light signal emitter input terminals and said common light signal emitter output terminal when a drive current is applied therethrough via an associated one of said input drive leads is determinable from a first voltage drop and a second voltage drop, said first voltage drop being measurable across said input drive lead terminal associated with said input drive lead associated with said any one of said plurality of light signal emitters and said sense lead terminal, said second voltage drop being measurable across said sense lead terminal and said common return lead terminal.
7. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 6 wherein the voltage drop across said any one said plurality of light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting said second voltage drop from said first voltage drop.
8. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 6 wherein when current is simultaneously applied through more than one of said plurality of light signal emitters, the voltage drop across said any one of said plurality of light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting a portion of said second voltage drop from said first voltage drop.
9. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 6 wherein each said light signal emitter comprises one of a light-emitting diode and a laser diode.
10. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 6 wherein said input drive leads and said common return lead comprise substantially equal length wires made of the same material.
11. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sensing system of claim 10 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads and said common return lead are disposed within the same sheath.
12. The reduced wire count voltage-drop sense system of claim 10 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads have substantially equal cross-sectional areas and the wire comprising said common return lead has a cross-sectional area equal to the number of said input drive leads multiplied by the cross-sectional area of one of the wires comprising said input drive leads.
13. A reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe comprising:
a plurality of light signal emitters operable to illuminate a patient tissue site, each said light signal emitter having an input terminal and an output terminal, the output terminals of said light signal emitters being connected in common with one another;
a plurality of input drive leads, each said input drive lead being associated with one of said light signal emitters and extending between an associated separate one of a corresponding plurality of input drive lead terminals and the input terminal of its associated light signal emitter;
a common return drive lead extending between the commonly connected output terminals of the light signal emitters and a common return drive lead terminal; and
a sense lead extending between the commonly connected output terminals of said light signal emitters and a sense lead terminal;
wherein a voltage drop across any one said light signal emitters when it is turned on by applying a drive current therethrough via said input drive lead associated therewith is determinable from a first voltage drop and a second voltage drop, said first voltage drop being measurable across the input drive lead terminal associated with said input drive lead associated with said any one of said light signal emitters and the sense lead terminal, said second voltage drop being measurable across the sense lead terminal and the common return drive lead terminal.
14. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 13 wherein the voltage drop across said any one said plurality of light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
15. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 14 wherein when more than one light signal emitter is simultaneously turned on, the voltage drop across said any one of said light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting a portion of the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
16. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 13 wherein each said light signal emitter comprises one of a light-emitting diode and a laser diode.
17. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 13 wherein said input drive leads and said common return drive lead comprise substantially equal length wires made of the same material.
18. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 17 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads and said common return drive lead are disposed within the same sheath.
19. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 17 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads have substantially equal cross-sectional areas and the wire comprising said common return drive lead has a cross-sectional area equal to the number of input drive leads multiplied by the cross-sectional area of one of the wires comprising said input drive leads.
20. A reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe comprising:
at least two pairs of light signal emitters, each pair of light signal emitters being connected in a back-to-back relation with one another between an input terminal of said pair and an output terminal of said pair wherein one of the light signal emitters is forward biased and one is reverse biased when a voltage is applied across the input and output terminals of the pair, the output terminals of each pair of said light signal emitters being connected in common with one another;
a plurality of input drive leads, each said input drive lead being associated with one of said pairs of light signal emitters and extending between an associated separate one of a corresponding plurality of input drive lead terminals and the input terminal of its associated pair of light signal emitters;
a common return drive lead extending between the commonly connected output terminals of said pairs of light signal emitters and a common return drive lead terminal; and
a sense lead extending between the commonly connected output terminals of said pairs of light signal emitters and a sense lead terminal;
wherein a voltage drop across any one of said pairs of light signal emitters when a drive current is applied therethrough via said input drive lead associated therewith is determinable from a first voltage drop and a second voltage drop, said first voltage drop being measurable across the input drive lead terminal associated with said input drive lead associated with said any one of said pairs of light signal emitters and the sense lead terminal, said second voltage drop being measurable across the sense lead terminal and the common return drive lead terminal.
21. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 20 wherein the voltage drop across said any one said pairs of light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
22. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 21 wherein when more than one light signal emitter is simultaneously turned on, the voltage drop across said any one of said pairs of light signal emitters is determinable by subtracting a portion of the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
23. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 20 wherein each said light signal emitter comprises one of a light-emitting diode and a laser diode.
24. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 20 wherein said input drive leads and said common return drive lead comprise substantially equal length wires made of the same material.
25. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 24 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads and said common return drive lead are disposed within the same sheath.
26. The reduced wire count photoplethysmographic probe of claim 24 wherein the wires comprising said input drive leads have substantially equal cross-sectional areas and the wire comprising said common return drive lead has a cross-sectional area equal to the number of input drive leads multiplied by the cross-sectional area of one of the wires comprising said input drive leads.
27. A method of determining a desired voltage drop across any one of a plurality of light signal emitters operable to illuminate a patient tissue site and having separate input terminals and commonly connected output terminals, said method comprising:
measuring a first voltage drop across a sense lead terminal connected by a sense lead to the commonly connected output terminals of the light signal emitters and an input drive lead terminal connected by an input drive lead to the input terminal of the light signal emitter across which the desired voltage drop is to be determined when a drive current is supplied thereto via the input drive lead;
measuring a second voltage drop across the sense lead terminal and a common return drive lead terminal connected by a common return drive lead to the commonly connected output terminals of the light signal emitters; and
utilizing the first voltage drop and the second voltage drop to determine the desired voltage drop.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said step of utilizing comprises:
subtracting the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop to determine the desired voltage drop.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein when the common return drive lead has a different diameter than the input drive lead, said step of utilizing further comprises:
multiplying the second voltage by a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the common return drive lead to the cross-sectional area of the input drive lead prior to subtracting the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein when drive currents are simultaneously supplied to more than one of the plurality of light signal emitters, said step of utilizing comprises:
subtracting a portion of the second voltage drop from the first voltage drop to determine the desired voltage drop.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein said step of utilizing further comprises:
apportioning the second voltage drop in accordance with the level of each drive current that is supplied to the light signal emitters in order to obtain the portion of the second voltage drop that is subtracted from the first voltage drop in said subtracting step.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for performing feedback at a reception end in a multi-antenna system, the method comprising:
selecting a precoding matrix index from a codebook including at least one precoding matrix, wherein the precoding matrix index indicates the at least one precoding matrix and rank information simultaneously;
transmitting feedback information including the selected precoding matrix index to a transmission end, wherein the feedback information does not include a rank indicator indicating the rank information; and
receiving a signal precoded by the at least one precoding matrix indicated by the selected precoding matrix index from the transmission end,
wherein each of the at least one precoding matrix included in the codebook corresponds to each of rank 1, rank 2, rank 3, or rank 4.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the codebook comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook or an Antenna Selection (AS) codebook.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the received signal (R) is represented by Equation 1:
R=HPCS+n\u2003\u2003<Equation 1>
where R is the received signal, H is a channel response, P is a phase shift matrix extended to a frequency axis, C is the precoding matrix indicated by the selected precoding matrix index, S is a data stream and n is a noise component.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the DFT codebook (C15) is represented by Equation 2:
C15={b0,b1,b2,b3,b0b1,b0b2,b0b3,b1b2,b1b3,b2b3,b0b1b2,b0b1b3,b0b2b3,b1b2b3,b0b1b2b3}\u2003\u2003<Equation 2>
where
{
b
0
,
b
1
,
b
2
,
b
3
}
=
1
2
\u2062
{
(
1
1
1
1
)
,
(
1
j
–
1
–
j
)
,
(
1
–
1
1
–
1
)
,
(
1
–
j
–
1
j
)
}
,
and
wherein the AS codebook (C15) is represented by Equation 3:
C15={a0,a1,a2,a3,a0a1,a0a2,a0a3,a1a2,a1a3,a2a3,a0a1a2,a0a1a3,a0a2a3,a1a2a3,a0a1a2a3}\u2003\u2003<Equation 3>
where
{
a
0
,
a
1
,
a
2
,
a
3
}
=
1
2
\u2062
(
(
1
1
0
0
)
\u2062
(
1
–
1
0
0
)
\u2062
(
0
0
1
1
)
\u2062
(
0
0
1
–
1
)
)
.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein if the codebook is the DFT codebook, the phase shift matrix extended to the frequency axis is represented by Equation 4:
P
\u2061
(
\u03c4
)
=
(
1
0
0
0
0
\u2147
–
j2\u03c0
\u2062
\u03c4
N
fft
\u2062
k
0
0
0
0
\u2147
–
j2\u03c0
\u2062
2
\u2062
\u03c4
N
fft
\u2062
k
0
0
0
0
\u2147
–
j2\u03c0
\u2062
3
\u2062
\u03c4
N
fft
\u2062
k
)
<Equation\xa0\xa0\xa04>
where k is an order of transmission (Tx) subcarriers, Nfft is a total number of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and r is a specific value capable of indicating an optimum performance.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein if the codebook is the AS codebook, the phase shift matrix extended to the frequency axis is represented by Equation 5:
P
\u2061
(
\u03c4
)
=
(
1
0
0
0
0
\u2147
–
j2\u03c0
\u2062
\u03c4
N
fft
\u2062
k
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
\u2147
–
j2\u03c0
\u2062
\u03c4
N
fft
\u2062
k
)
<Equation\xa0\xa0\xa05>
where k is an order of transmission Tx subcarriers, Nfft is a total number of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and r is a specific value capable of indicating an optimum performance.