1. A method for producing 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol from raw starch materials, including the following steps:
1) inoculating Candida krusei or Hansenula Arabitolgens Fang are inoculated into a fermentation medium with the saccharifying liquid of the raw starches as a carbon source; culturing in en an aerobic condition until glucose-consuming-rate is significantly reduced, and then fermenting anaerobically to a glucose concentration of 4 to 10 gL; collecting and filtering the fermentation broth is collected and filtered to remove the yeast cells in the fermentation broth, thereby obtaining the resultant filtrate as is glycerin fermentation broth;
2) inoculating Klebsiella, Clostridium butyricum, or Clostridium pasteurianum are inoculated into a fermentation medium in which the glycerin fermentation broth obtained from step 1) serves as a carbon source; fermenting the bacteria are fermented anaerobically for 30-32 hours, and then fermenting fermented aerobically when the production rate of 1,3-propanediol decreased obviously, and stopping the fermentation was stopped when the concentration of glycerin is reduced to a level below 10 gL, thereby obtaining 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the yeast cells removed by filtering in the step 1) are recovered directly for next batch of fermentation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Candida krusei or Hansenula Arabitolgens Fang is from a primary or secondary seed; wherein the primary seed is prepared according to the following steps: inoculating the Candida krusei or Hansenula Arabitolgens Fang into a seed medium containing the saccharifying liquid of raw starches, culturing and cultured in a shake flask with a liquid load of \u2155 of the flask volume at 30-35\xb0 C. for 20 hours, using a rotating radius of 25 mm and a rotating speed of from 200 to 250 rpm; and the secondary seed is prepared as follows: inoculating a primary seed is inoculated into a seed medium with the saccharifying liquid of raw starches as a carbon source in a fermenter, and culturing at 30-35\xb0 C. for 5-7 hours, using a mixing speed of from 300 to 500 rpm and an aeration quantity of 0.2-0.5 vvm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium with the saccharifying liquid of raw starches as a carbon source has a pH of 4-5, and further contains corn slurry and urea; the content of the saccharifying liquid of raw starches is calculated on the basis that all the reducing sugars in the saccharifying liquid of raw starches are considered as glucose, and is up to 260-350 gL of glucose in the medium; the content of the corn slurry is 2-3 gL; and the content of the urea is 2.5-4 gL.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the seed medium containing the saccharifying liquid of raw starches has a pH of 4-5, and further contains corn slurry and urea; the content of the saccharifying liquid of raw starches is calculated on the basis that all the reducing sugars in the saccharifying liquid of raw starches are considered as glucose, and is up to 80-100 gL of glucose in the medium; the content of the corn slurry is 2-3 gL; and the content of the urea is 2-3 gL.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein Klebsiella, Clostridium butyricum, or Clostridium pasteurianum are from a primary or secondary seed; the primary seed is prepared according to the following steps: inoculating the Klebsiella, Clostridium butyricum, or Clostridium pasteurianum into a seed medium formulated from the glycerin fermentation broth obtained in the step 1), and culturing under aerobic conditions in a shake flask with a liquid load of \u2155 of the flask volume at 30-33\xb0 C. for 18-20 hours, using a rotating radius of 25 mm and a rotating speed of from 130 to 150 rpm, to obtain the primary seed; and the secondary seed is prepared by inoculating as follows: a primary seed is inoculated into a seed medium formulated from the glycerin fermentation broth obtained in the step 1) in a fermenter, and culturing at 30-33\xb0 C. for 5-10 hours, using a mixing speed of from 60 to 150 rpm and an aeration quantity of 0.2-0.5 vvm, to obtain the secondary seed.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium with the glycerin fermentation broth obtained in the step 1) as a carbon source has a pH of 6.8-8.0, the content of the glycerin fermentation broth is up to 20-80 gL glycerin in the medium as calculated on a glycerin basis; the fermentation medium with the glycerin fermentation broth as a carbon source further contains 2.225-3.5 gL K2HPO4.3H2O, 2.0-4.0 gL (NH4)2SO4, 0.65-1.2 gL KH2PO4, 0.1-0.2 gL MgSO4.7H2O, 1-1.5 gL yeast powder, a solution of trace elements of 2-3 mLL, and 0.1 mLL antifoaming agent; the solution of trace elements is consisting of 70 mgL ZnCl2, 100 mgL MnCl2.4H2O, 60mgL H3BO3, 200 mgL CoCl2.6H2O, 25 mgL NiCl2.6H2O, 27.64 mgL NiCl2.H2O, 35 mgL Na2MoO4.2H2O, 20 mgL CuCl2.H2O, 29.28 mgL CuSO4.5H2O, and 0.9 mLL concentrated HCl.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the fermentation medium with the glycerin fermentation broth obtained in the step 1) as a carbon source has a pH of 6.8-8.0, the content of the glycerin fermentation broth is up to 20-25 gL glycerin in the medium as calculated on a glycerin basis; the fermentation medium with the glycerin fermentation broth as a carbon source further contains 4.45-5.6 gL K2HPO4.3H2O, 2.0-4.0 gL (NH4)2SO4, 1.3-2.6 gL KH2PO4, 0.1-0.2 gL MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0-2.0 gL yeast powder, 1.0-2.0 gL CaCO3, and a solution of trace elements of 2-3 mLL; the solution of trace elements is consisting of 70 mgL ZnCl2, 100 mgL MnCl2.4H2O, 60 mgL H3BO3, 200 mgL CoCl2.6H2O, 25 mgL NiCl2.6H2O, 27.64 mgL NiCl2.H2O, 35 mgL Na2MoO4.2H2O, 20 mgL CuCl2.H2O, 29.28 mgL CuSO4.5H2O, and 0.9 mLL concentrated HCl.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the raw starches in the step 1) are sweet potato starch, corn starch, or tapioca; and the DE value of the saccharifying liquid of raw starches is 90-110.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the saccharifying liquid of raw starches is prepared according to the following procedures:
formulating the raw starches and water in a mass ratio of 1:1800-2000 to obtain a starch emulsion;
adding a liquefying enzyme twice at 80-85\xb0 and 90-95\xb0 respectively, each 3-5 Ugram raw starch;
liquefying for 40-50 minutes;
then increasing the temperature to 110-120\xb0 to inactivate the enzyme;
cooling;
adding a saccharifying enzyme of 150-200 Ugram starch;
saccharifying at 50-60\xb0 for 8-12 hours; and
obtaining a saccharifying liquid of raw starches having a DE value of 100-110.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation process of the step 1) is 30-35\xb0; the aerobic condition in the step 1) is aerating air during the fermentation process, with a aeration quantity of 0.5-2 vvm; and the anaerobic condition in the step 1) is to aerating nitrogen gas during the fermentation process, with a aeration quantity of 0.2-2 vvm.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the glycerin fermentation broth obtained in the step 1) is added in fed-batch during the fermentation process of the step 2), allowing the content of glycerin in the medium to maintain at 20-80 gL.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein nutrition is supplemented twice during the fermentation process of the step 2), each adding yeast powder and (NH4)2SO4 in an amount of 0.8 g yeast powderL medium and 1 g (NH4)2SO4L medium, respectively.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH is 6.8-8.0 and the fermentation temperature is 30-37\xb0 during the fermentation process of the step 2); the anaerobic condition in the step 2) is aerating nitrogen gas during the fermentation process, with an a aeration quantity of 0.1-0.5 vvm; and the aerobic condition in the step 2) is to aerating air during the fermentation process, with an aeration quantity of 0.1-0.5 vvm.
15. The method of claim 1, further including a step of purifying 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol, by collecting the fermentation broth, filtering to remove the bacteria, and gathering the filtrate to desalt, distill and rectify under vacuum.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A crawler core member that configures an endless crawler belt when a plurality of the core members are disposed at uniform intervals along a peripheral direction and are coupled together with the peripheral direction adjacent core members, each of the core members comprising:
an engagement shaft portion extending in the crawler belt width direction;
an engagement portion integrally formed to the engagement shaft portion and engaging with an engagement shaft portion of an adjacent of the core members;
a pair of wing portions integrally formed to the engagement shaft portion and respectively disposed at both width direction sides of the engagement shaft portion, each of the wing portions extending in the width direction; and
a restriction portion that, in an engaged state of the engagement portion of the core member and the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member, restricts movement of the engagement shaft portion towards the peripheral outside,
wherein the adjacent core members are coupled together by the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member moving towards the peripheral inside of the crawler core member and engaging with the engagement portion of the core member, and the core members adjacent to each other are connected by tension in the peripheral direction.
2. The crawler core member of claim 1 wherein the diameter of the engagement shaft portion is a value of 30% of a separation distance between the centers of the engagement shaft portion of the core member and the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member in a coupled-together state of the adjacent core members, or a greater value.
3. The crawler core member of claim 1 wherein the engagement portion is a groove that is open towards the peripheral outside of the crawler belt, and a portion of the engagement portion that contacts the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member in a coupled-together state of the adjacent core members is shaped so as to follow the outer peripheral face of the engagement shaft portion.
4. The crawler core member of claim 3, wherein the restriction portion is integrally formed to the engagement portion, that projects from an opening side end portion of a groove wall on the opposite side of the engagement portion to the engagement shaft portion side towards the engagement shaft portion side, and in the engaged state of the engagement portion and the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member, restricts the movement of the engagement shaft portion towards the peripheral outside by overlapping and contacting the engagement shaft portion.
5. The crawler core member of claim 3 wherein the engagement shaft portion further comprises a protrusion provided to a portion of the engagement shaft portion on the opposite side to a portion of the engagement shaft portion that contacts the engagement portion of the other adjacent core member in a coupled-together state of the adjacent core members, the protrusion projects in the peripheral direction and extends from a first width direction end to the other width direction end of the engagement shaft portion.
6. The crawler core member of claim 1 further comprising a pair of peripheral inside projection portions that are integrally formed to the engagement shaft portion, that are respectively disposed between both end portions of the engagement shaft portion and the pair of wing portions, and that project towards the peripheral inside of the crawler belt and extend along the peripheral direction, with the engagement portion formed to the extended portions of the peripheral inside projection portions, wherein:
the width of the pair of peripheral inside projection portions is narrower on the engagement portion side than on the engagement shaft portion side; and
in a coupled-together state of the adjacent core members the engagement portion side of the pair of peripheral inside projection portions of the core member fits inside the engagement shaft portion side of the pair of peripheral inside projection portions of the adjacent core member.
7. The crawler core member of claim 6 wherein the peripheral inside projection portions further comprise reinforcement ribs provided to the width direction inside faces andor outside faces of the peripheral inside projection portions so as to project out in the width direction and extend along the peripheral direction.
8. The crawler core member of claim 7 wherein a portion of the reinforcement ribs is provided following the outer peripheral shape of the engagement portion.
9. The crawler core member of claim 7 wherein:
the engagement shaft portion sides of the peripheral inside projection portions comprise insertion portions into which at least a portion of each of the reinforcement ribs provided to the outside faces of the peripheral inside projection portions of the adjacent core member is inserted in a coupled-together state of the adjacent core members, and wherein
the insertion portions restrict the engagement shaft portion of the core member from moving in a direction to come out of the engagement portion of the adjacent core member by contacting at least a portion of the reinforcement ribs of the adjacent core member.
10. A rubber crawler wherein a rubber resilient body is disposed to the peripheral outside of a crawler belt configured employing a plurality of the crawler core members of claim 1.
11. The crawler core member of claim 1, wherein in a direction orthogonal to a direction of movement when the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member is moved toward, and engages with, the engagement portion, an opening width of the engagement portion is larger than a width of the engagement shaft portion of the adjacent core member.
12. The crawler core member of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the core members are provided in a rubber crawler,
wherein a rubber resilient body is disposed at the peripheral outside of the endless crawler belt, and
wherein the rubber crawler is not provided with a steel cord.