1. An anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition comprising:
hydroxypropyl cellulose present in the composition at a concentration in a range of 0.1% to 15% by weight of the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition;
ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol present in the composition at a concentration in a range of 45% to 95% by weight of the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition;
hexylene glycol present in the composition at a concentration in a range of 1% to 20% by weight of the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition;
cyclomethicone present in the composition at a concentration in a range of 0.5% to 15% by weight of the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition; and
a diazeniumdiolated co-condensed silica particle at a concentration in a range of 0.1% to 40% by weight of the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition.
2. The anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the diazeniumdiolated co-condensed silica particle has a mean particle size of less than 10 \u03bcm.
3. The anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is packaged and the packaged composition has a shelf life of at least four weeks.
4. The anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the shelf life is under refrigerated conditions.
5. The anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the shelf life is at least 52 weeks.
6. A method of treating a dermatological condition comprising applying the anhydrous topical pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 to the skin of a patient to treat the dermatological condition.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the dermatological condition comprises acne.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1.-31. (canceled)
32. A method comprising:
applying a lifting force to a retractor inserted into an incision that is formed superior to a sternal notch of a patient, the retractor extending under a manubrium of the patient, the lifting force opening the incision;
illuminating an entrance to the incision;
illuminating at least one of a pericardium, a heart, an aorta, and a pulmonary artery; and
exposing the aorta.
33. The method of claim 1, comprising establishing a cardiopulmonary bypass.
34. The method of claim 33, comprising:
clamping the aorta;
arresting the heart;
opening the aorta; and
illuminating an interior of the aorta and an aortic valve.
35. The method of claim 32, comprising replacing the aortic valve.
36. The method of claim 34, comprising viewing, via a camera, a magnified view of the interior of the aorta and the aortic valve.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the viewing comprises utilizing a screen disposed above the incision.
38. The method of claim 36, comprising adjusting the magnified view by adjusting at least one of an axial position, a roll position, a yaw position, and a pitch position of the camera.
39. The method of claim 32, wherein:
the illuminating the entrance to the incision comprises utilizing light emitted from a first light port of the retractor;
the illuminating the at least one of the heart, the aorta, and the pulmonary artery comprises utilizing light emitted from a second light port of the retractor; and
illuminating an interior of the aorta and an aortic valve comprises utilizing light emitted from a third light port of the retractor.
40. The method of claim 39, comprising turning off the first light port thereby reducing reflected light near the entrance to the incision.
41. The method of claim 32, wherein the applying the lifting force comprises utilizing a winch that is operatively coupled to the retractor.
42. The method of claim 32, comprising opening the pericardium to expose at least one of the heart, the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
43. A method comprising:
responsive to a lifting force, a refractor opening an incision formed superior to a sternal notch of a patient;
illuminating, via the retractor, an entrance to the incision; and
illuminating, via the retractor, at least one of a pericardium, a heart, an aorta, and a pulmonary artery.
44. The method of claim 43, comprising:
facilitating opening of the aorta; and
illuminating, via the retractor, an interior of the aorta and an aortic valve.
45. The method of claim 44, comprising providing, via a camera, a magnified view of at least one of the interior of the aorta and the aortic valve.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein adjustments made to at least one of an axial position, a roll position, a yaw position, and a pitch position of the camera adjust the magnified view.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein the camera is disposed on the retractor.
48. The method of claim 43, comprising facilitating replacement of the aortic valve.
49. The method of claim 43, wherein the lifting force is applied via a winch operatively coupled to the retractor.
50. A method comprising:
responsive to a lifting force, a refractor opening an incision formed superior to a sternal notch of a patient;
illuminating, via the retractor, an entrance to the incision;
illuminating, via the retractor, at least one of a pericardium, a heart, an aorta, and a pulmonary artery;
illuminating, via the retractor, an interior of the aorta and an aortic valve; and
facilitating replacement of the aortic valve.
51. The method of claim 50, comprising providing, via a camera, a magnified view of at least one of the interior of the aorta and the aortic valve.
52. The method of claim 51, wherein adjustments made to at least one of an axial position, a roll position, a yaw position, and a pitch position of the camera adjust the magnified view.
53. The method of claim 50, wherein the lifting force is applied via a winch operatively coupled to the retractor.