1. A fluid manifold for a fluid ejection device including a plurality of fluid feed slots, the fluid manifold comprising:
a first layer and a second layer adjacent the first layer; and
a first fluid routing and a second fluid routing each provided through the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the fluid ejection device is supported by the second layer, and the first fluid routing is communicated with one of the fluid feed slots, and the second fluid routing is communicated with an adjacent one of the fluid feed slots,
wherein a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer is greater than a pitch of the fluid feed slots, and
wherein the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing each include a first channel oriented substantially parallel with the fluid feed slots and a second channel oriented substantially perpendicular to the fluid feed slots.
2. The fluid manifold of claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer each have a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the first side of the second layer is adjacent the second side of the first layer.
3. The fluid manifold of claim 2, wherein the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing each communicate with the first side of the first layer and the second side of the second layer, and wherein a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing at the first side of the first layer is greater than a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing at the second side of the second layer.
4. The fluid manifold of claim 1, wherein the first channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing is provided in the first layer, and the second channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing is provided in the second layer.
5. The fluid manifold of claim 4, wherein the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing each further include a first hole communicated with the first channel, and a second hole communicated with the second channel, wherein the first hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing is provided in the first layer, and the second hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing is provided in the second layer.
6. The fluid manifold of claim 5, wherein the second channel of the first fluid routing is communicated with the first channel of the first fluid routing via the first hole of the first fluid routing, and the second channel of the second fluid routing is communicated with the first channel of the second fluid routing via the first hole of the second fluid routing.
7. The fluid manifold of claim 5, wherein the second hole of the first fluid routing is communicated with the one of the fluid feed slots, and the second hole of the second fluid routing is communicated with the adjacent one of the fluid feed slots.
8. The fluid manifold of claim 5, wherein a pitch of the first hole of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing is greater than a pitch of the second hole of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing.
9. The fluid manifold of claim 1, wherein the second channel of the first fluid routing includes a plurality of second channels each communicated with the first channel of the first fluid routing, and the second channel of the second fluid routing includes a plurality of second channels each communicated with the first channel of the second fluid routing.
10. A fluid manifold for a fluid ejection device including a plurality of fluid feed slots, the fluid manifold comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer adjacent the first layer;
first means for routing fluid through the first layer and the second layer; and
second means for routing fluid through the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the fluid ejection device is supported by the second layer, and the first means for routing fluid routes fluid to one of the fluid feed slots, and the second means for routing fluid routes fluid to an adjacent one of the fluid feed slots,
wherein a pitch of the first means for routing fluid and the second means for routing fluid at the first layer is greater than a pitch of the fluid feed slots, and
wherein the first means for routing fluid and the second means for routing fluid each include means for routing fluid substantially parallel with the fluid feed slots, and means for routing fluid substantially perpendicular to the fluid feed slots.
11. The fluid manifold of claim 10, wherein the first layer and the second layer each have a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the first side of the second layer is adjacent the second side of the first layer.
12. The fluid manifold of claim 11, wherein the first means for routing fluid through the first layer and the second layer and the second means for routing fluid through the first layer and the second layer each communicate with the first side of the first layer and the second side of the second layer, and wherein a pitch of the first means for routing fluid and the second means for routing fluid at the first side of the first layer is greater than a pitch of the first means for routing fluid and the second means for routing fluid at the second side of the second layer.
13. The fluid manifold of claim 10, wherein, with the first means for routing through the first layer and the second layer, the means for routing fluid substantially parallel with the fluid feed slots communicates with the means for routing fluid substantially perpendicular to the fluid feed slots, and wherein, with the second means for routing fluid through the first layer and the second layer, the means for routing fluid substantially parallel with the fluid feed slots communicates with the means for routing fluid substantially perpendicular to the fluid feed slots.
14. A method of forming a fluid manifold for a fluid ejection device including a plurality of fluid feed slots, the method comprising:
positioning a first layer adjacent a second layer; and
providing a first fluid routing and a second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the fluid ejection device is supported by the second layer, and providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing includes communicating the first fluid routing with one of the fluid feed slots and communicating the second fluid routing with an adjacent one of the fluid feed slots,
wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing include defining a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer as being greater than a pitch of the fluid feed slots, and
wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing includes orienting a first channel of each of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing substantially parallel with the fluid feed slots, and orienting a second channel of each of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing substantially perpendicular to the fluid feed slots.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first layer and the second layer each have a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein positioning the first layer adjacent the second layer includes positioning the first side of the second layer adjacent the second side of the first layer.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer includes communicating each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing with the first side of the first layer and the second side of the second layer, and defining a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing at the first side of the first layer as being greater than a pitch of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing at the second side of the second layer.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer includes defining the first channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the first layer, and defining the second channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the second layer.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer further includes communicating a first hole with the first channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing, including defining the first hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the first layer, and communicating a second hole with the second channel of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing, including defining the second hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the second layer.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer includes communicating the second channel of the first fluid routing with the first channel of the first fluid routing via the first hole of the first fluid routing, and communicating the second channel of the second fluid routing with the first channel of the second fluid routing via the first hole of the second fluid routing.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing through the first layer and the second layer includes communicating the second hole of the first fluid routing with the one of the fluid feed slots, and communicating the second hole of the second fluid routing with the adjacent one of the fluid feed slots.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein defining the first hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the first layer and defining the second hole of each the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing in the second layer includes defining a pitch of the first hole of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing as being greater than a pitch of the second hole of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing.
22. The method of claim 14, wherein orienting the second channel of each of the first fluid routing and the second fluid routing substantially perpendicular to the fluid feeds slots includes communicating a plurality of second channels with the first channel of the first fluid routing, and communicating a plurality of second channels with the first channel of the second fluid routing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for converting carbon containing material to petroleum products, comprising:
introducing the carbon containing material into a reactor;
introducing steam into the reactor;
introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy into the reactor; and
irradiating the catalytic material in the reactor with microwave energy to heat the catalyst and cause gasification of carbon containing material and steam to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide which react to produce petroleum products; whereby
the catalyst will accelerate an exothermic reaction between the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce the petroleum products.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide produced in the reactor combines with the carbon containing material andor hydrogen in the steam to form carbon monoxide which is consumed in the formation of the petroleum products.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein additional carbon dioxide is injected into the base of the reactor and whereby a substantial portion of the sum of carbon dioxide produced in the reaction plus the carbon dioxide injected into the reactor is converted to carbon monoxide which is consumed in the formation of the petroleum products.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the reactor comprises a vertical column having a base and a top, the base having windows of a material transparent to microwaves and said microwaves are injected through the windows to react with the catalyst and initiate the process.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the reaction products emerge from the top of the reactor and are passed to a separator which removes ash, unspent catalyst and carbon dioxide for recycling to the reactor feed, and outputs petroleum products for refining.
6. The process of claim 4, further comprising a cooling water jacket surrounding the top portion of the reactor wherein the heat of the reactor converts a portion of the water into steam which is fed into the base of the reactor.
7. The process of claim 4, wherein carbon dioxide is removed from the top of the reactor and fed into the base of the reactor where it combines with carbon from the coal to form carbon monoxide.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein oxygen is fed into the base of the reactor to feed the reaction.
9. The process of claim 4, wherein carbon dioxide emissions from separate fossil fuel powered processes, such emissions including carbon dioxide, are fed into the reactor base for entry into the reaction.
10. The process of claim 4, wherein at least the base of the reactor is formed with quartz.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon containing material comprises coal.
12. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon containing material comprises hydrocarbon.
13. The method of converting coal and carbon dioxide into petroleum products comprising:
subjecting micronized coal and particulate magnetite to microwaves and steam into a reactor;
introducing microwave energy into the reactor; and
separating the output products by removing the ash and magnetite to produce petroleum products for refining.
14. The method of claim 13, further adding carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel processes into the reactor.
15. The process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises magnetite.