1. A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprising:
memory cell transistors each having a floating gate electrode and a control gate electrode (WL),
wherein the control gate electrode (WL) of the memory cell transistor takes a first power supply potential (VCC) and a second power supply potential (VPP) higher than the first power supply potential according to an operating state at the selection thereof, and
wherein a first NMOS transistor of which the source is connected to a control (ER) for controlling a second NMOS transistor which drives the control gate electrode (WL) to the first power supply potential (VCC), the drain is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor, and
the gate is connected to the first power supply potential (VCC), is provided between the second NMOS transistor and the control signal (ER), a PMOS transistor is provided in parallel with the second NMOS transistor, and
the control gate electrode (WL) is driven by a transfer gate comprising the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor.
2. A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprising:
memory cell transistors each having a floating gate electrode and a control gate electrode (WL);
a plurality of decoders (XDEC) which drive the control gate electrodes (WL);
redundant control gate electrodes (WL) replaceable when the control gate electrodes (WL) are defective;
memory means (redundant element) which stores addresses for the defective control gate electrodes (WL);
said control gate electrode (WL) of the memory cell transistor assuming a first power supply potential (VCC) and a second power supply potential (VPP) higher than the first power supply potential according to an operating state at the selection thereof; and
a plurality of redundancy selectors (RXSEL) for activating and deactivating the decoders (XDEC), which are provided every said decoders (XDEC);
wherein the redundancy selectors (RXSEL) input signals (RA, RA and RDDEN) held in and outputted from the memory means (redundant element).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-41. (canceled)
42. A method of pumping fluid, the method comprising:
conveying fluid from a first flowpath to a second flowpath that is located above the first flowpath and that defines a first longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the first flowpath;
conveying the fluid from the second flowpath and into a pump chamber that is located above the second flowpath and thus also above the first flowpath;
pressurizing the fluid within the pump chamber, comprising reciprocatingly driving a plunger in the pump chamber along a second longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal center axis and either intersects, or is horizontally spaced from, the first longitudinal center axis;
conveying the pressurized fluid out of the pump chamber via a third flowpath that is located above the pump chamber, is opposed to the second flowpath, and defines a third longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the second longitudinal center axis and is either horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from, or coaxial with, the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath so that a plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis and at least one of the first and third longitudinal center axes;
and
delivering the pressurized fluid from the third flowpath to a fourth flowpath that is:
located above the pump chamber and thus also above the second flowpath and the first flowpath;
perpendicular to the third flowpath and the second flowpath; and
spaced from the first flowpath in a parallel relation.
43. The method of pumping fluid of claim 42, wherein reciprocatingly driving the plunger along the second longitudinal center axis comprises moving the plunger away from the pump chamber;
wherein conveying the fluid from the second flowpath and into the pump chamber comprises actuating, to a first open position, a first valve located in the second flowpath and thus below the pump chamber;
wherein the first valve located below the pump chamber is actuated to the first open position in response to moving the plunger away from the pump chamber;
and
wherein actuating the first valve located below the pump chamber to the first open position allows the fluid to enter the pump chamber via the second flowpath.
44. The method of pumping fluid of claim 43, wherein pressurizing the fluid within the pump chamber further comprises actuating, to a first closed position, the first valve located below the pump chamber to prevent the fluid from exiting the pump chamber via the second flowpath.
45. The method of pumping fluid of claim 43, wherein reciprocatingly driving the plunger along the second longitudinal center axis further comprises moving the plunger toward the pump chamber;
wherein conveying the pressurized fluid out of the pump chamber via the third flowpath comprises actuating, to a second open position, a second valve that is located in the third flowpath and thus above the pump chamber, and that is opposed to the first valve located in the second flowpath and below the pump chamber;
wherein the second valve located above the pump chamber is actuated to the second open position in response to moving the plunger toward the pump chamber;
and
wherein actuating the second valve located above the pump chamber to the second open position allows the fluid to exit the pump chamber via the third flowpath.
46. The method of pumping fluid of claim 45, wherein, during moving the plunger toward the pump chamber, the plunger is located within the pump chamber, the first valve is located below the plunger, and the second valve is located above the plunger, so that the plunger is located between the first and second valves.
47. The method of pumping fluid of claim 42, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, intersects the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath.
48. The method of pumping fluid of claim 42, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is coaxial with the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and both of the coaxial third and first longitudinal center axes defined by the third and second flowpaths, respectively.
49. The method of pumping fluid of claim 42, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath.
50. The method of pumping fluid of claim 49, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath to the same degree as the second longitudinal center axis is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis so that the third longitudinal center axis intersects the second longitudinal center axis; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath.
51. A system for pumping fluid, the system comprising:
means for conveying fluid from a first flowpath to a second flowpath that is located above the first flowpath and that defines a first longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the first flowpath;
means for conveying the fluid from the second flowpath and into a pump chamber that is located above the second flowpath and thus also above the first flowpath;
means for pressurizing the fluid within the pump chamber, comprising means for reciprocatingly driving a plunger in the pump chamber along a second longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal center axis and either intersects, or is horizontally spaced from, the first longitudinal center axis;
means for conveying the pressurized fluid out of the pump chamber via a third flowpath that is located above the pump chamber, is opposed to the second flowpath, and defines a third longitudinal center axis that is perpendicular to the second longitudinal center axis and is either horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from, or coaxial with, the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath so that a plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis and at least one of the first and third longitudinal center axes;
and
means for delivering the pressurized fluid from the third flowpath to a fourth flowpath that is:
located above the pump chamber and thus also above the second flowpath and the first flowpath;
perpendicular to the third flowpath and the second flowpath; and
spaced from the first flowpath in a parallel relation.
52. The system for pumping fluid of claim 51, wherein means for reciprocatingly driving the plunger along the second longitudinal center axis comprises means for moving the plunger away from the pump chamber;
wherein means for conveying the fluid from the second flowpath and into the pump chamber comprises means for actuating, to a first open position, a first valve located in the second flowpath and thus below the pump chamber;
wherein the first valve located below the pump chamber is actuated to the first open position in response to moving the plunger away from the pump chamber;
and
wherein actuating the first valve located below the pump chamber to the first open position allows the fluid to enter the pump chamber via the second flowpath.
53. The system for pumping fluid of claim 52, wherein means for pressurizing the fluid within the pump chamber further comprises means for actuating, to a first closed position, the first valve located below the pump chamber to prevent the fluid from exiting the pump chamber via the second flowpath.
54. The system for pumping fluid of claim 52, wherein means for reciprocatingly driving the plunger along the second longitudinal center axis further comprises means for moving the plunger toward the pump chamber;
wherein means for conveying the pressurized fluid out of the pump chamber via the third flowpath comprises means for actuating, to a second open position, a second valve that is located in the third flowpath and thus above the pump chamber, and that is opposed to the first valve located in the second flowpath and below the pump chamber;
wherein the second valve located above the pump chamber is actuated to the second open position in response to moving the plunger toward the pump chamber;
and
wherein actuating the second valve located above the pump chamber to the second open position allows the fluid to exit the pump chamber via the third flowpath.
55. The system for pumping fluid of claim 54, wherein, during moving the plunger toward the pump chamber, the plunger is located within the pump chamber, the first valve is located below the plunger, and the second valve is located above the plunger, so that the plunger is located between the first and second valves.
56. The system for pumping fluid of claim 51, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, intersects the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath.
57. The system for pumping fluid of claim 51, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is coaxial with the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and both of the coaxial third and first longitudinal center axes defined by the third and second flowpaths, respectively.
58. The system for pumping fluid of claim 51, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath; and
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath.
59. The system for pumping fluid of claim 58, wherein:
the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath;
the third longitudinal center axis defined by the third flowpath is horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath to the same degree as the second longitudinal center axis is horizontally spaced from the first longitudinal center axis so that the third longitudinal center axis intersects the second longitudinal center axis; and
the plunger horizontal spacing is defined between the second longitudinal center axis, along which the plunger is reciprocatingly driven, and the first longitudinal center axis defined by the second flowpath.
60. A method of manufacturing a fluid end for a reciprocating pump assembly, the method comprising:
providing a block comprising horizontally spaced, opposing first and second end portions;
forming in the block a center plunger bore, the center plunger bore defining a longitudinal center axis;
forming in the block first and second lateral plunger bores on either side of, and horizontally spaced in a parallel relation from, the center plunger bore so that the first and second lateral plunger bores are symmetric about the longitudinal center axis and thus respective horizontal spacings between the longitudinal center axis and the first and second lateral plunger bores are equal;
forming in the block first and second lateral valve bores on either side of, horizontally spaced from, and perpendicular to, the center plunger bore so that:
the first and second lateral valve bores are asymmetric about the longitudinal center axis defined by the center plunger bore,
the horizontal spacing between the longitudinal center axis and the first lateral valve bore is greater than the horizontal spacing between the longitudinal center axis and the second lateral valve bore,
the first lateral valve bore is disposed between the first end portion and the center plunger bore, and
the second lateral valve bore is disposed between the second end portion and the center plunger bore;
and
connecting an end support to the first end portion;
wherein the horizontal spacing between the first end portion, to which the first end support is connected, and the first lateral valve bore is less than the horizontal spacing between the second end portion and the second lateral valve bore.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein the end support comprises a plate, and wherein connecting the end support to the first end portion of the block comprises bolting the plate to the first end portion.