Having thus described the invention what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
11. A method for systematically determining substances (S) having a particle character which are moving with a vertical component in a fluid flow towards a multiplet of calibrated sediment traps each having known trap and flow parameters, wherein a plurality of accumulation equations are utilized for determining mass accumulations of a plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn), the steps of the method comprising:
a) determining trap-specific mass accumulations in a plurality of sediment traps T1 . . . TN, wherein the number of the plurality of sediment traps is equal to the number of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn), each sediment trap having different trap parameters which lie above a range of measuring uncertainties and a sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VM) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn); and
b) determining a vertical in-situ mass flux (ISM)Pn of the plurality of different particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) and a derived total in-situ mass flux (ISM)P of a collectable particle spectrum (P) of a free fluid column (FC) representing a regional measuring site (MA) in a multiplicity of selected time intervals (tN) at a plurality of measuring locations (MPN), wherein all of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) are present, by solving the plurality of utilized accumulation equations thereby producing concentrations c0n of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) which, when multiplied by the sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VM), provides the vertical in-situ mass flux (ISM)Pn and the derived total in-situ mass flux (ISM)P values.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein an onset for beginning the multiplicity of selected time intervals (tN) for each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps is identical and each has the same duration.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VW) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) is determined optically.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VW) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) is determined optically.
15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) are chosen from the group consisting of sinking substances (SS) and substances having variable raising solids-gas combinations in the fluid flow (F).
16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) are chosen from the group consisting of sinking substances (SS) and substances having variable raising solids-gas combinations in the fluid flow (F).
17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) are chosen from the group consisting of sinking substances (SS) and substances having variable raising solids-gas combinations in the fluid flow (F).
18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) are chosen from the group consisting of sinking substances (SS) and substances having variable raising solids-gas combinations in the fluid flow (F).
19. An apparatus for systematically determining substances (S, SS) having a particle character which are moving with a vertical component in a fluid flow in a free fluid column (FC) towards a multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN), each having known trap and flow parameters, wherein a plurality of accumulation equations are utilized for determining mass accumulations of a plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn), the apparatus comprising:
a) at least one of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) of a trap family assigned to a collection cup and a current meter;
b) a trap multiplet (TM) used to determine a vertical in-situ mass flux (ISM)Pn of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) and a derived total in-situ mass flux (ISM)P of a particle spectrum (P) of the substances (S, SS) to be determined in the free fluid column (FC) representing a regional measuring site (MA);
c) a number of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn) is less than or equal to a number of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN); and
d) each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) having type-specific trap parameters and assigned collection cups (CB) with openings oriented against a sinkingraising movement direction of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn).
20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) is assigned to different trap families.
21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein at least one of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) has a hollow geometry with a quiescent zone (QZ) disposed above the collection cup (CB).
22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) has a hollow geometry with a quiescent zone (QZ) disposed above the collection cup (CB).
23. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein an optical sensor is attached within a quiescent zone (QZ) of one of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) having a hollow geometry, the optical sensor determining a sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VM) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn).
24. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein an optical sensor is attached within a quiescent zone (QZ) of one of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN) having a hollow geometry, the optical sensor determining a sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VM) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn).
25. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein an optical sensor is attached within the quiescent zone (QZ) of the hollow geometry trap, the optical sensor determining a sinkingraising velocity spectrum (VM) of the plurality of particle groups (P1, P2, . . . Pn).
26. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
28. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
29. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
30. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
31. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
32. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the trap multiplet comprises a revolving sampling cup magazine (SM) and a multitude of collection cups selectively assigned to one each of the multiplet of calibrated sediment traps (TN, CTN, PTN).
33. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 19-32, wherein the collection cups (CB) are opened and closed by a timing circuit in response to pre-determined recognized events.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pixel, comprising:
an organic light emitting diode (OLED);
a first transistor having a gate electrode coupled to a first node, a first electrode coupled to a first power supply, and a second electrode coupled to the OLED;
a first capacitor for storing a data signal; and
a second capacitor coupled between the first node and the second electrode of the first transistor to charge a voltage corresponding to the data signal and a threshold voltage of the first transistor,
wherein, in a period where a voltage stored in the first capacitor is supplied to the first node, the second capacitor is electrically blocked from the first node.
2. The pixel as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a second transistor coupled between a data line and a first terminal of the first capacitor, the second transistor being turned on when a scan signal is supplied to a scan line;
a third transistor coupled between the first terminal of the first capacitor and the first node; and
a fourth transistor coupled between the first node and a first terminal of the second capacitor, the fourth transistor having a turn on period that does not overlap a turn on period of the third transistor.
3. The pixel as claimed in claim 2, wherein a second terminal of the first capacitor is coupled to a fixed voltage supply.
4. The pixel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second terminal of the first capacitor is coupled to an initializing power supply having a smaller voltage value than the data signal.
5. The pixel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a fifth transistor coupled between the first terminal of the second capacitor and the data line, the fifth transistor being simultaneously turned on and off with the third transistor;
a sixth transistor coupled between the first terminal of the second capacitor and the data line, the sixth transistor having a turn on period that does not overlap a turn on period of the fifth transistor;
a seventh transistor coupled between a second terminal of the second capacitor and an initializing power supply, the seventh transistor being simultaneously turned on and off with the sixth transistor; and
an eighth transistor coupled between the second electrode of the first transistor and the OLED, the eighth transistor being simultaneously turned on and off with the fourth transistor.
6. The pixel as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sixth transistor has a turn on period that partially overlaps the turn on period of the fourth transistor.
7. The pixel as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sixth transistor has a turn on period that does not overlap the turn on period of the fourth transistor.
8. The pixel as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a ninth transistor coupled between the first node and the initializing power supply, the ninth transistor being simultaneously turned on and off with the sixth transistor.
9. The pixel as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a tenth transistor and an eleventh transistor each coupled between the first power supply and the first transistor, the eleventh transistor being coupled in parallel with the tenth transistor, wherein:
the tenth transistor is simultaneously turned on and off with the fourth transistor, and
the eleventh transistor is simultaneously turned on and off with the third transistor.
10. An organic light emitting display, comprising:
a control driver for supplying a first control signal to a first control line in a first period of one frame and for supplying a second control signal to a second control line in a second period of the one frame;
a scan driver for sequentially supplying scan signals to scan lines in a third period of the one frame and for supplying an emission control signal to an emission control line in at least a partial period of the first period and the second period;
a data driver for supplying a voltage of a reference power supply to data lines in the at least partial period of the first period and the second period, and for supplying a data signal in the third period; and
pixels at intersections of the scan lines and the data lines and including a first transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor,
wherein each of the pixels stores a voltage corresponding to the data signal in the first capacitor in the third period, and charges a voltage corresponding to the data signal and a threshold voltage of the first transistor in the second capacitor, electrically blocked from the first capacitor, using the voltage stored in the first capacitor in the second period.
11. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 10, wherein the reference power supply is a specific voltage in a range of voltages of the data signal.
12. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the pixels comprises:
an organic light emitting diode (OLED);
the first transistor having a gate electrode coupled to a first node, a first electrode coupled to a first power supply, and a second electrode coupled to the OLED;
the second capacitor coupled between the first node and the second electrode of the first transistor;
a second transistor coupled between a data line and a first terminal of the first capacitor, the second transistor being turned on when the scan signal is supplied;
a third transistor coupled between the first terminal of the first capacitor and the first node, the third transistor being turned on when the second control signal is supplied; and
a fourth transistor coupled between the first node and a first terminal of the second capacitor, the fourth transistor being turned off when the emission control signal is supplied and turned on otherwise.
13. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 12, wherein a second terminal of the first capacitor is coupled to an initializing power supply set to have a smaller voltage value than the data signal.
14. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a fifth transistor coupled between the first terminal of the second capacitor and the data line, the fifth transistor being turned on when the second control signal is supplied;
a sixth transistor coupled between the first terminal of the second capacitor and the data line, the sixth transistor being turned on when the first control signal is supplied;
a seventh transistor coupled between a second terminal of the second capacitor and an initializing power supply, the seventh transistor being turned on when the first control signal is supplied; and
an eighth transistor coupled between the second electrode of the first transistor and the OLED, the eighth transistor being turned off when the emission control signal is supplied and turned on otherwise.
15. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 14, wherein the initializing power supply is set to have a smaller voltage value than the data signal.
16. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 14, wherein the scan driver supplies the emission control signal after the first control signal is supplied in the first period.
17. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 16, wherein the data driver supplies a voltage of an off power supply at which the first transistor is turned off in at least a partial period of the first period.
18. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 14, wherein the scan driver supplies the emission control signal so that the emission control signal overlaps the first control signal and the second control signal in the first period and the second period.
19. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 18, wherein the data driver supplies the voltage of the reference power supply to the data lines in the first period and the second period.
20. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 18, further comprising a ninth transistor coupled between the first node and the initializing power supply, the ninth transistor being turned on when the first control signal is supplied.
21. The organic light emitting display as claimed in claim 18, further comprising:
a tenth transistor coupled between the first power supply and the first transistor, the tenth transistor being turned off when the emission control signal is supplied and turned on otherwise; and
an eleventh transistor coupled between the first power supply and the first transistor, in parallel with the tenth transistor, the eleventh transistor being turned on when the second control signal is supplied.