1. A method of treating a mammal with prostate cancer or at risk of prostate cancer, comprising administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of Biological Immune Response Modifier (BIRM).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered parenterally.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered orally.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the composition is in the form of an emulsion, solution or suspension.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the composition is administered buccally.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is about 0.1 \u03bclkgday to about 100 \u03bclkgday.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is about 1 \u03bclkgday to about 20 \u03bclkgday.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammal is a human.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammal is at risk of prostate cancer.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to the mammal at least one other chemotherapuetic agent or potentiator.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIRM is prepared by a process comprising:
a) harvesting root samples from an Ecuadorian plant Solanaceae-Dulcamara;
b) stabilizing the root samples;
c) drying the root samples;
d) modifying the root samples via oxidative reduction; and
e) isolating a plant extract from the root samples, wherein the plant extract comprises BIRM.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises heating the root samples.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of about 79\xb0 C. to about 110\xb0 C.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein said stabilizing further comprises contacting the root samples with water or alcohol vapors.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises exposing the root samples to ultraviolet rays and ultraound.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises drying the root samples
20. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises drying the root samples in an oven.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the oven is selected from a group of ovens consisting of ventilation-type ovens, infrared ovens, and ovens in which pressure can be varied.
22. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises drying the root samples by solar drying.
23. The method of claim 14, wherein said stabilizing comprises autoclaving the root samples in the presence of water vapors.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein said modifying comprises reductive fermentation.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said reductive fermentation comprises:
a) adding the root samples to a fermenter;
b) allowing fermentation to proceed under controlled low amounts of oxygen for about 14 hours at about 70\xb0 C.;
c) adding enzymes; and
d) allowing fermentation to proceed under controlled low amounts of oxygen for about 4 hours.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein said isolating comprises extracting the plant extract from the root samples.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein said isolating comprises percolation.
28. The method of claim 1, wherein said isolating comprises evaporating solvents from a mixture containing the plant extract.
29. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIRM contains at least 4 active species.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least two of the active species having cytotoxic activity.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the BIRM contains three cytotoxic active species.
32. The method of claim 29, wherein the active species include at least species having hyaluronidase inhibition activity.
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIRM contains:
a) low molecular weight oligomonosaccharides; and
b) medium molecular weight nucleotides.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein BIRM comprises about 14% to about 16% by weight of the oligomonosaccharides.
35. The method of claim 33, wherein the oligomonosaccharides are selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, 1-ketose, 1-beta-furanosyl fructose, and mixtures thereof.
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIRM comprises at least one bio-organic mineral.
37. The method of claim 34, wherein the bio-organic mineral is selected from a group consisting of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, manganese, silicon, zinc, and mixtures thereof.
38. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIRM has a condensed molecular formula of (C7H9O6, Mg, Ca)n.
39. A method of treating a mammal with prostate cancer or at risk of prostate cancer, comprising administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of Biological Immune Response Modifier (BIRM) obtained from an Ecuadorian plant Solanaceae-Dulcamara, and which has a condensed molecular formula of (C7H9O6, Mg, Ca)n, and a molecular weight of about (251.38)n.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the BIRM has a density of about 1.088, a pH of about 7.1, and at least about 14% reductive sugars.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the BIRM contains aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, silicon and zinc.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-23. (canceled)
24. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the control channel is controlled based on adjustment of a transmission power of the control channel, independently from the QoS of the data channel.
25. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the data channel is controlled based on adjustment of a coding rate of the data channel, independently from the QoS of the control channel.
26. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the control channel is controlled independently from the QoS of the data channel.
27. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein a transmission power of the control channel is set independently from a transmission power of the data channel.
28. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein a coding rate of the data channel is set independently from a coding rate of the control channel.
29. A hybrid ARQ transmission apparatus comprising:
a transmission section operable to transmit a protocol data unit on a data channel; and
a setting section operable to set a sequence number for the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to transmit the sequence number on a control channel with an allocation message of the data channel, and
wherein a spreading factor of the control channel is set independently from a spreading factor of the data channel.
30. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the allocation message includes information indicating a transport format of the data channel.
31. The apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising a receiving section operable to receive a message on a successful or unsuccessful reception of a previous transmission.
32. The apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a request for retransmission of the protocol data unit;
wherein the transmission section is further operable to retransmit the protocol data unit.
33. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the control channel is controlled based on adjustment of a transmission power of the control channel, independently from the QoS of the data channel.
34. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the data channel is controlled based on adjustment of a coding rate of the data channel, independently from the QoS of the control channel.
35. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein the quality of service (QoS) of the control channel is controlled independently from the QoS of the data channel.
36. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein a transmission power of the control channel is set independently from a transmission power of the data channel.
37. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein a coding rate of the data channel is set independently from a coding rate of the control channel.
38. A hybrid ARQ reception apparatus comprising:
a receiving section operable to receive a protocol data unit on a data channel, and to receive a sequence number and an allocation message on a control channel, the sequence number being associated with the protocol data unit and the allocation message being of the data channel; and
a decoding section operable to decode the protocol data unit;
wherein a spreading factor of the control channel is set independently from a spreading factor of the data channel.
39. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the allocation message includes information indicating a transport format of the data channel.
40. The apparatus according to claim 33, further comprising a combining section operable to combine a retransmitted protocol data unit with a previously received protocol data unit based on the sequence number.