1. A portable, fold-over post, comprising:
a vertical member; and
a first spring removably connected to the vertical member, said spring having a mounting spike integrally formed therewith for insertion into a soft, outdoor surface, and said spring allowing the post to fold over upon impact.
2. A portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a foot assembly interchangeable with said spring and suitable for supporting said post on a hard surface.
3. A portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a stability plate associated with said mounting spike wherein said stability plate is adjacent to said surface and said spring when said mounting spike is inserted into said surface.
4. A portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a coil spring associated with said foot assembly.
5. A portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a cap connected to said vertical member.
6. A portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 1, wherein said spring is a coil spring and is constructed of \u215c\u2033 diameter wire.
7. A fold-over, portable fencing system for use on both outdoor and indoor surfaces, comprising:
a plurality of fold-over posts arranged in a desired pattern, each post comprising:
a vertical member; and
a first spring removably connected to said vertical member, said spring having a mounting spike integrally formed therewith for insertion into a soft, outdoor surface, and said spring allowing the post to fold over upon impact; and
a length of flexible fencing material connected to each of said fold-over posts.
8. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 7, further comprising a foot assembly interchangeable with said spring and suitable for supporting said post on a hard surface.
9. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 7, further comprising a stability plate associated with said mounting spike wherein said stability plate is adjacent to said surface and said spring when said mounting spike is inserted into said surface.
10. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a coil spring associated with said foot assembly.
11. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 7, wherein the flexible fencing material is a flat laminar mesh made of high density polyethylene.
12. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 7, wherein said flexible fencing material is connected with said post by hook and loop fastening fabric.
13. A fold-over, portable fencing system as set forth in claim 7, wherein said spring is coil springs and is constructed of \u215c\u2033 diameter wire.
14. A convertible, portable, fold-over post for use on both outdoor and indoor surfaces, comprising:
a vertical member;
a first spring removably connected to the vertical member, said spring having a mounting spike integrally formed therewith for insertion into a soft, outdoor surface, and said spring allowing the post to fold over upon impact; and
a foot assembly interchangeable with said spring and suitable for supporting said post on a hard surface.
15. A convertible, portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 14, further comprising a stability plate associated with said mounting spike wherein said stability plate is adjacent to said surface and said spring when said mounting spike is inserted into said surface.
16. A convertible, portable, fold-over post as set forth in claim 14, further comprising a coil spring associated with said foot assembly.
17. A method of delineating a desired athletic field on an outdoor surface, including the steps of:
providing a plurality of fold-over posts, each having a vertical member;
providing a length of flexible fencing material;
installing a spring having a mounting spike connected thereto onto the vertical member of each post;
inserting the mounting spike associated with one of said posts into the surface;
inserting the mounting spikes associated with the remaining posts into the surface in a pattern matching the desired athletic field; and
connecting said length of flexible fencing material to each of said posts.
18. A method of converting a fold-over fence post from outdoor to indoor use, including the steps of:
providing a fold-over post having a vertical member and a spring removably connected to said vertical member, said spring having a mounting spike integrally formed therewith for insertion into a soft, outdoor surface;
providing a foot assembly interchangeable with said spring and suitable for supporting the post on a hard surface;
removing said spring from said vertical member; and
connecting said foot assembly with said vertical member.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of determining firings during operation of an engine in a skip fire operational mode, the method comprising:
receiving an input signal indicative of a desired engine output;
selectively determining working cycles to be fired and working cycles to be skipped, wherein the fired working cycles are arranged to deliver the desired engine output;
providing a torque feedback signal indicative of a torque; and
wherein the determination of the firings is based at least in part on the torque feedback signal.
2. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising filtering the torque feedback signal using a low pass filter, wherein the determination of the firings is based at least in part on the filtered torque feedback signal.
3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the torque feedback signal is indicative of a torque output of the engine.
4. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the torque feedback signal indicates the instantaneous torque of the engine and has a profile that varies over a period between sequential firing opportunities of the engine.
5. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein the torque profile includes periods of negative torque.
6. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the torque feedback signal is obtained at least in part from a torque sensor that monitors engine torque or the torque of a component in a drive train associated with the engine.
7. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the torque feedback signal is generated at least in part by a torque calculator.
8. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the torque feedback signal is determined at least in part by reference to a look-up table.
9. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein a first index for the lookup table is based on a mass of air introduced to an associated working chamber.
10. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein the engine includes a plurality of working chambers and wherein for each firing, an index for the lookup table is based at least in part on a firing history of an associated working chamber.
11. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the torque is selected from the group consisting of: a transmission torque, a drive shaft torque, a wheel torque, and a torque converter torque.
12. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein feedback from at least one additional source is used in the determination of the firing sequence, wherein the at least one additional source is selected from the group consisting of vehicle acceleration, wheel speed, wheel acceleration, engine speed, engine acceleration, and speed or acceleration of a component of a drive train between an engine and a vehicle’s wheels.
13. A controller for determining working cycle firings of an engine during operation of the engine in a skip fire operational mode, the controller comprising a control block that receives an input signal indicative of a desired output and is arranged to dynamically determine working chamber firings that deliver the desired output, wherein the control block is arranged to receive a torque feedback signal that is indicative of a torque associated with the engine and to determine the firings based at least in part on the torque feedback signal.
14. A controller as recited in claim 13 wherein the torque is one selected from the group consisting of:
the torque output of the engine;
the torque of a drive shaft associated with the engine;
the torque of a torque converter associated with the engine;
the torque of a transmission associated with the engine; and
the torque of a wheel associated with the engine.
15. A controller as recited in claim 13 wherein the control block is arranged to dynamically determine the working chamber firings on a firing opportunity by firing opportunity basis.
16. A controller as recited in claim 13 wherein the torque feedback signal is indicative of the instantaneous torque output of the engine.
17. An engine comprising a plurality of working chambers and the controller recited in claim 16, wherein the engine further includes a torque sensor that generates the torque feedback signal.
18. A controller as recited in claim 13 further comprising a lookup table that includes entries indicative of the instantaneous torque provided by working chamber firings under a multiplicity of different operating conditions and the torque feedback signal is generated based at least in part by referencing the lookup table.
19. A controller as recited in claim 18 wherein a first index for the lookup table is based on a mass of air introduced into an associated working chamber.
20. A controller as recited in claim 18 wherein the engine includes a plurality of working chambers and wherein for each firing an index for the lookup table is based at least in part on a firing history of an associated working chamber.
21. A controller as recited in claim 13 further comprising a filter arranged to filter high frequency components from the torque feedback signal to help stabilize the controller.
22. A controller as recited in claim 13 further comprising a variable filter arranged to filter the torque feedback signal, wherein the variable filter has frequency characteristics that vary as a function of engine speed.
23. A controller as recited in claim 13 further comprising a filter arranged to filter the torque feedback signal, wherein the controller is arranged to vary the frequency characteristics of the filter as a function of a transmission gear ratio.
24. A controller as recited in claim 13 wherein the controller includes a sigma delta converter and the torque feedback signal is used directly or indirectly in the primary feedback loop of the sigma delta converter.
25. A method of determining firings during operation of an engine in a skip fire operational mode, the method comprising:
receiving an input signal indicative of a desired engine output;
selectively determining working cycles to be fired and working cycles to be skipped, wherein the fired working cycles are arranged to deliver the desired engine output;
providing a feedback signal selected from the group consisting of vehicle acceleration, wheel speed, wheel acceleration, speed of a component of a drive train and acceleration of a component of the drive train; and
wherein the determination of the firings is based at least in part on the feedback signal.
26. A method as recited in claim 25 further comprising filtering the feedback signal using a low pass filter, wherein the determination of the firings is based at least in part on the filtered feedback signal.
27. A method as recited in claim 25 wherein the feedback signal is indicative of an operational parameter and is obtained at least in part from one selected from the group consisting of:
a sensor that monitors the parameter indicated by the feedback signal;
a calculator arranged to calculate the parameter indicated by the feedback signal; and
a look-up table.
28. A controller as recited in claim 25 further comprising a variable filter arranged to filter the feedback signal, wherein the variable filter has frequency characteristics that vary as a function of engine speed.
30. A controller as recited in claim 25 further comprising a filter arranged to filter the feedback signal, wherein controller is arranged to vary the frequency characteristics of the filter as a function of a transmission gear ratio.
31. A controller as recited in claim 25 wherein the controller includes a sigma delta converter and the feedback signal is used directly or indirectly in the primary feedback loop of the sigma delta converter.
32. A method as recited in claim 25, wherein feedback from at least one additional source is also used in the determination of the firing sequence, wherein the at least one additional source is selected from the group consisting of vehicle acceleration, wheel speed, wheel acceleration, engine speed, engine acceleration, engine torque, and speed, acceleration or torque of a component of a drive train between an engine and a vehicle’s wheels.
33. A controller for determining firings during operation of an engine in a skip fire operational mode, wherein the controller includes:
a converter that receives an input signal indicative of a desired output and is arranged to generate a digital converter output signal that is reflective of the input signal and oversampled relative to the firing opportunities of the engine; and
a synchronizer that is synchronized with the firing opportunities of the engine, wherein the synchronizer decimates the digital converter output signal in a manner to produce a drive pulse signal that defines a firing sequence that delivers the desired output.
34. A controller as recited in claim 33 wherein the converter is a sigma delta converter.
35. A controller as recited in claim 34 wherein the converter is a first order sigma delta controller or a third order sigma delta converter.
36. A controller as recited in claim 33 wherein the converter includes at least one split pole arranged to compensate for delays introduced by the synchronizer.